Cited by 635Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Antenatal Thyroid Screening and Childhood Cognitive Function

Open access

Lazarus, John H., Bestwick, Jonathan P., Channon, Sue, Paradice, Ruth, Maina, Aldo, Rees, Rhian, Chiusano, Elisabetta, John, Rhys, Guaraldo, Varvara, George, Lynne M., Perona, Marco, Dall'Amico, Daniela, Parkes, Arthur B., Joomun, Mohammed, Wald, Nicholas J.·2012·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1106104PMC PMC3814060

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Children born to women with low thyroid hormone levels have been reported to have decreased cognitive function. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial in which pregnant women at a gestation of 15 weeks 6 days or less provided blood samples for measurement of thyrotropin and free thyroxine (T(4)). Women were assigned to a screening group (in which measurements were obtained immediately) or a control group (in which serum was stored and measurements were obtained shortly after delivery). Thyrotropin levels above the 97.5th percentile, free T(4) levels below the 2.5th percentile, or both were considered a positive screening result. Women with positive findings in the screening group were assigned to 150 μg of levothyroxine per day. The primary outcome was IQ at 3 years of age in children of women with positive results, as measured by psychologists who were unaware of the group assignments. RESULTS: Of 21,846 women who provided blood samples (at a median gestational age of 12 weeks 3 days), 390 women in the screening group and 404 in the control group tested positive. The median gestational age at the start of levothyroxine treatment was 13 weeks 3 days; treatment was adjusted as needed to achieve a target thyrotropin level of 0.1 to 1.0 mIU per liter. Among the children of women with positive results, the mean IQ scores were 99.2 and 100.0 in the screening and control groups, respectively (difference, 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.1 to 2.6; P=0.40 by intention-to-treat analysis); the proportions of children with an IQ of less than 85 were 12.1% in the screening group and 14.1% in the control group (difference, 2.1 percentage points; 95% CI, -2.6 to 6.7; P=0.39). An on-treatment analysis showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal screening (at a median gestational age of 12 weeks 3 days) and maternal treatment for hypothyroidism did not result in improved cognitive function in children at 3 years of age. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust UK and Compagnia di San Paulo, Turin; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN46178175.).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa1106104

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum
Stagnaro-Green, A., Abalovich, M., Alexander, E., Azizi, F., Mestman, J., Negro, R., Nixon, A., Pearce, E. N., Soldin, O. P., Sullivan, S., et al. (2011) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0087 · Cited by 2,942
Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child
Haddow, J. E., Palomaki, G. E., Allan, W. C., Williams, J. R., Knight, G. J., Gagnon, J., O'Heir, C. E., Mitchell, M. L., Hermos, R. J., Waisbren, S. E., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908193410801 · Cited by 2,558
Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy
Pop, V. J., Kuijpens, J. L. P., van Baar, A. L., Verkerk, G. J. M., van Son, M. J. M., de Vijlder, J. J. M., Vulsma, T., Wiersinga, W. M., Drexhage, H. A., & Vader, H. L. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00639.x · Cited by 1,006
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: a 3‐year follow‐up study
Pop, V. J., Brouwers, E. P. M., Vader, H. L., Vulsma, T., van Baar, A. L., & de Vijlder, J. J. M. (2003) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01822.x · Cited by 727
Timing of thyroid hormone action in the developing brain: clinical observations and experimental findings
Zoeller, R. T., & Rovet, J. (2004) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01243.x · Cited by 605
Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development
de Escobar, G. M., Obregón, M.-J., & del Rey, F. E. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.012 · Cited by 588
NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE TO THE FETUS RESULTING FROM SEVERE IODINE DEFICIENCY DURING PREGNANCY
Pharoah, P. O. D., Buttfield, I. H., & Hetzel, B. S. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91040-3 · Cited by 469
Maternal Thyroid Function during Early Pregnancy and Cognitive Functioning in Early Childhood: The Generation R Study
Henrichs, J., Bongers‐Schokking, J. J., Schenk, J. J., Ghassabian, A., Schmidt, H. G., Visser, T. J., Hooijkaas, H., Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M., Albert Hofman, D., Jaddoe, V. V. W., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0415 · Cited by 468
Abnormalities of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy affect neuropsychological development of their children at 25–30 months
Li, Y., Shan, Z., Teng, W., Yu, X., Li, Y., Fan, C., Teng, X., Guo, R., Hong, W., Li, J., et al. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03743.x · Cited by 449
Delayed Neurobehavioral Development in Children Born to Pregnant Women with Mild Hypothyroxinemia During the First Month of Gestation: The Importance of Early Iodine Supplementation
Berbel, P. J., Mestre, J. L., Santamaría, A., Azorín, I. P., Franco, A., Graells, M., González-Torga, A., & de Escobar, G. M. (2009) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2008.0341 · Cited by 363

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 18 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 633

Thyroid function and IVF outcome
Mintziori, G., Goulis, D. G., & Kolibianakis, E. M. (2016) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000263 · Cited by 27
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥2.5mU/l in early pregnancy: Prevalence and subsequent outcomes
Carty, D., Doogan, F., Welsh, P. I., Dominiczak, A. F., & Delles, C. (2017) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.01.048 · Cited by 26
Iodine Supplementation throughout Pregnancy Does Not Prevent the Drop in FT4 in the Second and Third Trimesters in Women with Normal Initial Thyroid Function
Brücker-Davis, F., Panaïa‐Ferrari, P., Gal, J., Fénichel, P., & Hiéronimus, S. (2013) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000350882 · Cited by 26
The second wave of the Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening (CATS II) study: the cognitive assessment protocol
Hales, C., Channon, S., Taylor, P. N., Draman, M. S., Muller, I., Lazarus, J. H., Paradice, R., Rees, A., Shillabeer, D., Gregory, J. W., et al. (2014) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-14-95 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Toward a science-based testing strategy to identify maternal thyroid hormone imbalance and neurodevelopmental effects in the progeny – part I: which parameters from human studies are most relevant for toxicological assessments?
Sauer, U. G., Asiimwe, A., Botham, P. A., Charlton, A., Hallmark, N., Jacobi, S., Marty, S., Melching‐Kollmuss, S., Palha, J. A., Strauss, V., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1839380 · Cited by 27
Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy and Postpartum: 2023 Revised Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines
Ahn, H. Y., & Yi, K. H. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2023.1696 · Cited by 29
High Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Pregnant Women in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Habimana, L., Twite, K. E., Daumerie, C., Wallemacq, P. E., Donnen, P., Kalenga, M. K., & Robert, A. R. (2013) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0261 · Cited by 25
Relationship between maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation during pregnancy and low birth weight: A longitudinal study of apparently healthy urban Japanese women at very low risk
Nishioka, E., Hirayama, S., Ueno, T., Matsukawa, T., Vigeh, M., Yokoyama, K., Makino, S., Takeda, S., & Miida, T. (2015) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.014 · Cited by 25
The Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Adverse Perinatal Outcomes and the Role of Thyroid Screening in Pregnancy
Wu, M., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Yan, C., & Hua, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00522 · Cited by 25
Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Dickens, L. T., Cifu, A. S., & Cohen, R. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5321 · Cited by 24
Risks of suboptimal and excessive thyroid hormone replacement across ages
Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Effraimidis, G., Bliddal, S., & Klose, M. (2023) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02229-7 · Cited by 23
“Noteworthy, there is no evidence to support a benefit to offspring IQ by LT4 treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia [29, 30].”
Background
Management of Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy
Chan, S., Marsh, M. S., Gilbert, J., Boelaert, K., Evans, C., & Dhillon‐Smith, R. K. (2025) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.18088 · Cited by 31
An efficient randomised trial design for multi-cancer screening blood tests: nested enhanced mortality outcomes of screening trial
Hackshaw, A. K., & Berg, C. D. (2021) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00204-7 · Cited by 23
Dying To Find Out: The Cost of Time at the Dawn of the Multicancer Early Detection Era
Klein, E. A., Madhavan, S., Beer, T. M., Bettegowda, C., Liu, M., Hartman, A., & Hackshaw, A. K. (2023) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1275 · Cited by 23
Screening Strategies for Thyroid Disorders in the First and Second Trimester of Pregnancy in China
Yang, H., Shao, M., Chen, L., Chen, Q., Yu, L., Cai, L., Lin, Z., Zhang, C., & Lu, X. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099611 · Cited by 23
GSTO2*N142D gene polymorphism associated with hypothyroidism in Italian patients
Piacentini, S., Monaci, P. M., Polimanti, R. A., Manfellotto, D., & Fuciarelli, M. (2012) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-012-2253-0 · Cited by 23
Should All Women Be Screened for Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy?
Taylor, P. N., Okosieme, O. E., Premawardhana, L. D. K. E., & Lazarus, J. H. (2015) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.15.7 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Reference intervals of thyroid hormones during pregnancy in Korea, an iodine-replete area
Kim, H. J., Cho, Y. Y., Kim, S. W., Kim, T. H., Jang, H. W., Lee, S., Choi, S., Roh, C., Kim, J., Chung, J. H., et al. (2017) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2016.051 · Cited by 23
Thyroid hormone therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism
Magri, F., Chiovato, L., Croce, L., & Rotondi, M. (2019) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02039-z · Cited by 24
Turning to Thyroid Disease in Pregnant Women
Andersen, S. L., & Andersen, S. (2020) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000506228 · Cited by 28
The pattern of thyroid function of subclinical hypothyroid women with levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy
Yu, X., Chen, Y., Shan, Z., Teng, W., Li, C., Zhou, W., Gao, B., Shang, T., Zhou, J., Ding, B., et al. (2013) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-013-9913-2 · Cited by 23
Optimal Care of the Pregnant Woman with Thyroid Disease
Stagnaro‐Green, A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2380 · Cited by 23
Maternal Thyroid Disorders and Risk of Neonatal Seizure: Current Perspective
(2018) · ARC Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.20431/2456-057x.0301004 · Cited by 22
Thyroid screening in pregnancy
Casey, B. M., & de Veciana, M. (2014) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.013 · Cited by 23
Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: An emerging problem in Southern West Bengal: A cross-sectional study
Das, A., Mandal, R., Bhar, D., Basunia, S. R., Kundu, S. B., & Mahapatra, C. (2016) · Journal of Natural Science Biology and Medicine · doi:10.4103/0976-9668.175080 · Cited by 22
Current challenges in the pharmacological management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy
Khan, I., Okosieme, O. E., & Lazarus, J. H. (2016) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1253471 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Maternal Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy and Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis
Levie, D., Korevaar, T. I. M., Mulder, T. A., Bath, S. C., Dineva, M., López-Espinosa, M.-J., Basterrechea, M., Santa‐Marina, L., Rebagliato, M., Sunyer, J., et al. (2019) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2018.0794 · Cited by 22
Relationship between Thyroid Status during the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Neonatal Well-Being
Murillo-Llorente, M. T., Llorca-Colomer, F., & Pérez-Bermejo, M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030872 · Cited by 21
Thyroid diseases in pregnancy: guidelines of the Polish Society of Endocrinology [Choroby tarczycy w ciąży: zalecenia postępowania Polskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologicznego]
Hubalewska–Dydejczyk, A., Trofimiuk–Müldner, M., Ruchała, M., Lewiñski, A., Bednarczuk, T., Zgliczyński, W., Syrenicz, A., Kos‐Kudła, B., Jarząb, B., Gietka‐Czernel, M., et al. (2021) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.a2021.0089 · Cited by 25
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy and Postpartum
Yi, K. H., Kim, K. W., Yim, C. H., Jung, E. D., Chung, J. H., Chung, H.-K., Hong, S., & Chung, J. H. (2014) · Journal of Korean Thyroid Association · doi:10.11106/jkta.2014.7.1.7 · Cited by 21
Detection of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women: Universal screening is justified
Vila, L., Velasco, I., González, S., Morales, F., Sánchez, E., Lailla, J. M., Martínez‐Astorquiza, T., & Puig‐Domingo, M. (2012) · Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.endoen.2012.06.008 · Cited by 21
Study on subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace
Wu, M., Wang, Y., Yan, C., & Zhao, Y. M. (2020) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1729731 · Cited by 21
Thyroid function testing and management during and after pregnancy among women without thyroid disease before pregnancy
Yamamoto, J. M., Metcalfe, A., Nerenberg, K. A., Khurana, R., Chin, A., & Donovan, L. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.191664 · Cited by 23
Hypothyroidism during pregnancy and its association to perinatal and obstetric morbidity: a review
Martínez, M., Soldevila, B., Lucas, A., Velasco, I., Vila, L., & Puig‐Domingo, M. (2018) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2017.11.009 · Cited by 20
Obstetric and offspring outcomes in isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhuo, L., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, S., & Song, Y. (2022) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-022-01967-4 · Cited by 20
Postpartum Management of Women Begun on Levothyroxine during Pregnancy
Stagnaro‐Green, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00183 · Cited by 20
Mild Maternal Hypothyroxinemia During Pregnancy Induces Persistent DNA Hypermethylation in the Hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene in Mouse Offspring
Kawahori, K., Hashimoto, K., Yuan, X., Tsujimoto, K., Hanzawa, N., Hamaguchi, M., Kase, S., Fujita, K., Tagawa, K., Okazawa, H., et al. (2018) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0331 · Cited by 20
Systemic endocrinopathies (thyroid conditions and diabetes): impact on postnatal life of the offspring
Nattero‐Chávez, L., Luque‐Ramírez, M., & Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (2019) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.04.039 · Cited by 20
Gene expression of Dio2 (thyroid hormone converting enzyme) in telencephalon is linked with predisposed biological motion preference in domestic chicks
Takemura, Y., Yamaguchi, S., Aoki, N., Miura, M., Homma, K. J., & Matsushima, T. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.039 · Cited by 20
Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
Pearce, E. N. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99079-8_6 · Cited by 19
Subclinical Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy—Should You Expect This When You Are Expecting?
Maraka, S., O'Keeffe, D. T., & Montori, V. M. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1348 · Cited by 19
Routine serum thyroid-stimulating hormone testing—optimizing pre-conception health or generating toxic knowledge?
Maheshwari, A., Bhide, P., Pundir, J., & Bhattacharya, S. (2017) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dex240 · Cited by 19
Classification of maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy using repeated blood samples
Knøsgaard, L., Andersen, S., Hansen, A. B., Vestergaard, P., & Andersen, S. L. (2022) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1530/etj-21-0055 · Cited by 20
High Prevalence of Maternal Hypothyroidism Despite Adequate Iodine Status in Indian Pregnant Women in the First Trimester
Jaiswal, N., Melse‐Boonstra, A., Thomas, T. S., Basavaraj, C., Sharma, S. K., Srinivasan, K., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2014) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0071 · Cited by 19
Association between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Offspring
Palatnik, A., Mele, L., Casey, B. M., Varner, M. W., Sorokin, Y., Reddy, U. M., Wapner, R. J., Thorp, J. M., Saade, G. R., Tita, A., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/a-1692-0659 · Cited by 19
The Attitude Toward Hypothyroidism During Early Gestation: Time for a Change of Mind?
Pop, V. J. M., Broeren, M. A. C., & Wiersinga, W. M. (2014) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0007 · Cited by 17
Effect of gestational subclinical hypothyroidism on early neurodevelopment of offspring
Chen, L., Chen, Q.-S., Jin, G.-X., Si, G.-X., Zhang, Q., Ye, E.-L., Yang, H., Cai, L.-Q., Peng, M.-M., Lin, Z.-Z., et al. (2015) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2015.66 · Cited by 18
Marginal Iodine Status and High Rate of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Washington DC Women Planning Conception
Stagnaro‐Green, A., Dogo-Isonaige, E., Pearce, E. N., Spencer, C. A., & Gaba, N. D. (2015) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0063 · Cited by 18
Practice Variation in the Care of Subclinical Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy: A National Survey of Physicians in the United States
Toloza, F. J. K., Ospina, N. S., Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez, R., O'Keeffe, D. T., Brito, J. P., Montori, V. M., & Maraka, S. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2019-00196 · Cited by 18
The Interactive Effect of Prepregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Isolated Maternal Hypothyroxinemia on Macrosomia
Liu, Y., Guo, F., Zhou, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., & Fan, J. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab171 · Cited by 17
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of physicians towards thyroid disorders and iodine requirements in pregnancy
Kut, A., Kalli, H., Anıl, C., Mousa, U., & Gürsoy, A. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-015-0275-x · Cited by 17
Variation in treatment practices for subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: US national assessment
Maraka, S., Mwangi, R., Yao, X., Sangaralingham, L. R., Ospina, N. S., O'Keeffe, D. T., Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez, R., Stan, M. N., Brito, J. P., Montori, V. M., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00057 · Cited by 17
CATS II Long-term Anthropometric and Metabolic Effects of Maternal Sub-optimal Thyroid Function in Offspring and Mothers
Muller, I., Taylor, P. N., Daniel, R., Hales, C., Scholz, A., Candler, T. P., Pettit, R. J., Evans, W. D., Shillabeer, D., Draman, M. S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa129 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Maternal adiposity, smoking, and thyroid function in early pregnancy
Andersen, S. L., Knøsgaard, L., Handberg, A., Vestergaard, P., & Andersen, S. (2021) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-21-0376 · Cited by 17
Thyroid function parameters in normal pregnancies in an iodine sufficient population
Moncayo, R., Zanon, B., Heim, K., Ortner, K., & Moncayo, H. (2015) · BBA Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.12.006 · Cited by 18
Subclinical hypothyroidism and antithyroid autoantibodies in women with subfertility or recurrent pregnancy loss: Scientific Impact Paper No. 70 June 2022
Dhillon‐Smith, R. K., Boelaert, K., Jeve, Y. B., Maheshwari, A., Coomarasamy, A., & Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2022) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17187 · Cited by 16
Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
Engel, S. M., Villanger, G. D., Herring, A. H., Nethery, R. C., Drover, S. S. M., Zoeller, R. T., Meltzer, H. M., Zeiner, P., Knudsen, G. P., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., et al. (2022) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12941 · Cited by 17
Local Versus International Recommended TSH References in the Assessment of Thyroid Function During Pregnancy
Amouzegar, A., Ainy, E., Khazan, M., Mehran, L., Hedayati, M., & Azizi, F. (2014) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1363277 · Cited by 16
Precision Medicine Comes to Thyroidology
Ladenson, P. W. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3695 · Cited by 16
Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Treatment Burden Related to the Use of Levothyroxine in Hypothyroid Pregnant Women in the United States
Toloza, F. J. K., Theriot, S. E., Ospina, N. S., Nooruddin, S., Keathley, B., Johnson, S. M., Payakachat, N., Ambrogini, E., Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez, R., O'Keeffe, D. T., et al. (2020) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2020.0629 · Cited by 16
Early Levothyroxine Treatment for Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy: The St Carlos Gestational and Thyroid Protocol
Rünkle, I., de Miguel, M. P., Barabash, A., Cuesta, M., Diaz, Á., Durán, A., Familiar, C., de la Torre, N. G., Herraiz, M. A., Izquierdo, N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.743057 · Cited by 16
Valores de referencia y cribado universal de la disfunción tiroidea en la mujer gestante
Díaz-Soto, G., Largo, E., Álvarez-Colomo, C., Martínez‐Pino, I., & de Luis, D. A. (2014) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2014.03.002 · Cited by 16
Selective oxidative etching of CTAC-stabilized multi-branched gold nanoparticles: application in spectral sensing of iodide ions
Weng, G., Dong, X., Zhao, J. T., Li, J.-J., Zhao, J., & Zhao, J. (2018) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-018-4360-x · Cited by 16
Frequency and outcomes of maternal thyroid function abnormalities in early pregnancy
Andersen, S. L. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365513.2018.1555858 · Cited by 17
Disorders of the thyroid in the newborn and infant
Vliet, G. V., & Deladoëy, J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4858-7.00016-0 · Cited by 16
Screening, diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in pregnancy
Solha, S. T. G., Mattar, R., Teixeira, P. D. F. D. S., Chiamolera, M. I., Maganha, C. A., Zaconeta, A. M., & Souza, R. T. (2022) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1758490 · Cited by 15
Multifactorial determinants of cognition — Thyroid function is not the only one
Moncayo, R., & Ortner, K. (2015) · BBA Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.04.002 · Cited by 16
Development of Gestational Age-Specific Thyroid Function Test Reference Intervals in Four Analytic Platforms Through Multilevel Modeling
Yuen, L. Y., Chan, M. H. M., Sahota, D. S., Lit, L. C. W., Ho, C. S., Ronald, C. W., & Tam, W. H. (2020) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2019.0323 · Cited by 15
Classification of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women Differs by Analytical Method and Type of Thyroid Function Test
Andersen, S. L., Christensen, P. A., Knøsgaard, L., Andersen, S., Handberg, A., Hansen, A. B., & Vestergaard, P. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa567 · Cited by 15
Redefinition of Successful Treatment of Patients With Hypothyroidism. Is TSH the Best Biomarker of Euthyroidism?
Fitzgerald, S. P., & Falhammar, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.920854 · Cited by 17
Nadczynność tarczycy w ciąży — rola oznaczania przeciwciał przeciwko receptorowi TSH i ultrasonograficznego monitorowania płodu
Gietka‐Czernel, M., Dębska, M., Kretowicz, P., Zgliczyński, W., & Ołtarzewski, M. (2014) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.2014.0035 · Cited by 15
The Decade in Clinical Thyroid Disease: An Analysis of Published Literature
Cooper, D. S., & Anton, B. (2016) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0018 · Cited by 15
Thyroid function in pregnancy
Muller, I., Taylor, P. N., & Lazarus, J. H. (2018) · Annals of Thyroid · doi:10.21037/aot.2018.10.05 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Improving the clinical impact of randomised trials in thyroidology
Korevaar, T. I. M., Chaker, L., & Peeters, R. P. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30316-9 · Cited by 14
Screening Pregnant Women for Overt Thyroid Disease
Stagnaro‐Green, A. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17226 · Cited by 14
Detección de la disfunción tiroidea en la población gestante: está justificado el cribado universal
Vila, L., Velasco, I., González, S., Morales, F., Sánchez, E., Lailla, J. M., Martínez‐Astorquiza, T., & Puig‐Domingo, M. (2012) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2012.06.004 · Cited by 14
The impact of gestational hypothyroxinemia on the cognitive and motor development of offspring
Chen, Y., & Xue, F. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1529749 · Cited by 13
Universal screening for thyroid disease SHOULD NOT be recommended before and during pregnancy
van der Spek, A. H., & Bisschop, P. H. L. T. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101429 · Cited by 13
Association of Maternal Mild Hypothyroidism With Offspring Neurodevelopment in TPOAb-Negative Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Wang, Q., Jiang, Y., Lv, H., Lu, Q., Tao, S., Qin, R., Huang, L., Liu, C., Xu, X., Lv, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.884851 · Cited by 13
Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy
Ahmad, S., Geraci, S. A., & Koch, C. A. (2013) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e3182a66610 · Cited by 13
Thyroid function testing in women who had a stillbirth
Nijkamp, J. W., Korteweg, F. J., Groen, H., Timmer, A., van den Berg, G., Bossuyt, P. M., Mol, B. W., & Erwich, J. J. (2015) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13002 · Cited by 13
Maternal hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester of gestation and association with obstetric and neonatal outcomes and iron deficiency: a prospective Brazilian study
Rosário, P. W., Oliveira, L. F. F., & Calsolari, M. R. (2018) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000043 · Cited by 13
Evidence-Based Tightrope Walking: The 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum
Korevaar, T. I. M. (2017) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2017.29040.tko · Cited by 13
Maternal thyroid function and child educational attainment: prospective cohort study
Nelson, S., Haig, C. E., Mc Connachie, A., Sattar, N. A., Ring, S. M., Smith, G. D., Lawlor, D. A., & Lindsay, R. (2018) · Yearbook of pediatric endocrinology · doi:10.1530/ey.15.3.6 · Cited by 13
Levothyroxine before conception in women with thyroid antibodies: a step forward in the management of thyroid disease in pregnancy
Negro, R. (2019) · Thyroid Research · doi:10.1186/s13044-019-0066-0 · Cited by 13
Stable Iodine Nutrition During Two Decades of Continuous Universal Salt Iodisation in Sri Lanka
Jayatissa, R., Gorstein, J. L., Okosieme, O. E., Lazarus, J. H., & Premawardhana, L. D. K. E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041109 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Effect of Levothyroxine on Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Hypothyroxinemia: An Interventional Study
Li, G., Liu, Y., Su, X., Huang, S., Liu, X., & Du, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.874975 · Cited by 13
Thyroid diseases in pregnancy: a current and controversial topic on diagnosis and treatment over the past 20 years
Giacobbe, A., Grasso, R., Triolo, O., Tonni, G., & Granese, R. (2015) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3741-y · Cited by 12
Management of fetal goiters: 6-year retrospective observational study in three prenatal diagnosis and treatment centers of the Pays De Loire Perinatal Network
Delay, F., Dochez, V., Biquard, F., Chevé, M.-T., Gillard, P., Arthuis, C., & Winer, N. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1555803 · Cited by 12
Translational toxicology: a developmental focus for integrated research strategies
Hughes, C. L., Waters, M. D., Allen, D., & Obasanjo, I. (2013) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/2050-6511-14-51 · Cited by 12
Thyroid hormones and cognitive function
Lazarus, J. H. (2012) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.12.27 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Maternal Thyroid Function During Pregnancy and Offspring White Matter Microstructure in Early Adulthood: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Björnholm, L., Orell, O., Kerkelä, M., Honka, U., Laasonen, S., Taka-Eilola, T., Surcel, H., Suvanto, E. T. J., & Veijola, J. M. (2023) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2022.0699 · Cited by 12
Maternal Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy and Offspring School Performance and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Møllehave, L. T., Grand, M. K., Kriegbaum, M., Andersen, C. L., Lind, B., van Vliet, N. A., van Heemst, D., & Strandberg‐Larsen, K. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae358 · Cited by 11
Subclinical Hypothyroidism Overdiagnosis in Pregnant Women
Korevaar, T. I. M., Medici, M., & Peeters, R. P. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5550 · Cited by 11
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies in a private obstetrical practice in Sydney
Blumenthal, N. J., Byth, K., & Eastman, C. J. (2016) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.12462 · Cited by 12
Maternal Thyroid Anomalies and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Progeny
Rotem, R. S., Chodick, G., Davidovitch, M., Bellavia, A., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2021) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwab272 · Cited by 12
Iodine Biofortification of Crops
Dávila-Rangel, I. E., Leija-Martínez, P., Medrano-Macías, J., Fuentes‐Lara, L. O., González-Morales, S., Juárez‐Maldonado, A., & Benavides‐Mendoza, A. (2019) · Concepts and strategies in plant sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95354-0_4 · Cited by 11
Maternal cognitive function during pregnancy in relation to hypo‐ and hyperthyroxinemia
Pop, V. J. M., Ormindean, V., Mocan, A., Meems, M., Broeren, M. A. C., Denollet, J., Wiersinga, W. M., & Bunevičius, A. (2019) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14107 · Cited by 11
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY; IS THERE A NEED FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION?
Hebbar, S. S., Kumar, S. S., Amin, S. V., & Doizode, S. (2017) · International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16542 · Cited by 10
Impact of thyroid hormone treatment on maternal pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism without TPOAb: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Sitoris, G., Veltri, F., Jelloul, E., Kleynen, P., Rozenberg, S., & Poppe, K. G. (2023) · Thyroid Research · doi:10.1186/s13044-023-00171-7 · Cited by 11

Authors: Lazarus, J. H., Bestwick, J. P., Channon, S., Paradice, R., Maina, A., Rees, R., Chiusano, E., John, R., Guaraldo, V., George, L. M., Perona, M., Dall'Amico, D., Parkes, A. B., Joomun, M., & Wald, N. J.
Affiliations: Cardiff University (GB)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Ospedale Regina Margherita (IT)
University Hospital of Wales (GB)
ORCID: Lazarus, John H.
Bestwick, Jonathan P.
Channon, Sue
Joomun, Mohammed
Wald, Nicholas J.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2012-02-09
Volume: 366
Issue: 6
Pages: 493-501
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1106104
PMC: PMC3814060
OpenAlex: W2170972205
Cited by: 635
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 57.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (065143, 085966)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: maternal hypothyroidism, levothyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, child neurodevelopment
MeSH terms: Child, Preschool, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Male, Intellectual Disability, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prenatal Diagnosis, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Thyroid Hormones, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Intention to Treat Analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Antenatal Thyroid Screening and Childhood Cognitive Function

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks