Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Adults

Jain, Seema; Self, Wesley H.; Wunderink, Richard G.; Fakhran, Sherene; Balk, Robert; Bramley, Anna M.; Reed, Carrie; Grijalva, Carlos G.; Anderson, Evan J.; Courtney, D. Mark; Chappell, James D.; Qi, Chao; Hart, Eric M.; Carroll, Frank; Trabue, Christopher; Donnelly, Helen K.; Williams, Derek J.; Zhu, Yuwei; Arnold, Sandra R.; Ampofo, Krow; Waterer, Grant W.; Levine, Min; Lindstrom, Stephen; Winchell, Jonas M.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Erdman, Dean; Schneider, Eileen; Hicks, Lauri A.; McCullers, Jonathan A.; Pavia, Andrew T.; Edwards, Kathryn M.; Finelli, Lyn

doi:10.1056/nejmoa1500245

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Adults

Jain, Seema, Self, Wesley H., Wunderink, Richard G., Fakhran, Sherene, Balk, Robert, Bramley, Anna M., Reed, Carrie, Grijalva, Carlos G., Anderson, Evan J., Courtney, D. Mark, Chappell, James D., Qi, Chao, Hart, Eric M., Carroll, Frank, Trabue, Christopher, Donnelly, Helen K., Williams, Derek J., Zhu, Yuwei, Arnold, Sandra R., Ampofo, Krow, Waterer, Grant W., Levine, Min, Lindstrom, Stephen, Winchell, Jonas M., Katz, Jacqueline M., Erdman, Dean, Schneider, Eileen, Hicks, Lauri A., McCullers, Jonathan A., Pavia, Andrew T., Edwards, Kathryn M., Finelli, Lyn·2015·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1500245PMC PMC4728150

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Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of hospitalisation and deaths in older adults and are mainly caused by viruses.
“Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of hospitalisation and deaths in older adults and are mainly caused by viruses.2, 3, 4”
From Targeting the biology of ageing with mTOR inhibitors to improve immune function in older adults: phase 2b and phase 3 randomised trials (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
The Introduction describes pneumonia as a leading infectious cause of hospitalization and death among U.S. adults, and the Results show hospitalization rates were highest in older adults. The paper studies pneumonia rather than all respiratory tract infections. Its Discussion says viruses were detected more often than bacteria, but no pathogen was detected in most patients, so it does not establish that these infections are mainly caused by viruses. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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This upregulation of antiviral gene expression may underlie the reduction in respiratory tract infections seen in older adults treated with mTOR inhibitors since most respiratory tract infections are viral in origin.
“This upregulation of antiviral gene expression may underlie the reduction in respiratory tract infections seen older adults treated with mTOR inhibitors since most respiratory tract infections are viral in origin 147,148.”
From Targeting the biology of aging with mTOR inhibitors (2023) · cites this paper as [148]

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Its Role as a Human Pathogen
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Etiology of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia: Increased Microbiological Yield with New Diagnostic Methods
Johansson, N., Kalin, M., Tiveljung‐Lindell, A., Giske, C. G., & Hedlund, J. (2010) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/648678 · Cited by 500

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Authors: Jain, S., Self, W. H., Wunderink, R. G., Fakhran, S., Balk, R., Bramley, A. M., Reed, C., Grijalva, C. G., Anderson, E. J., Courtney, D. M., Chappell, J. D., Qi, C., Hart, E. M., Carroll, F., Trabue, C., Donnelly, H. K., Williams, D. J., Zhu, Y., Arnold, S. R., Ampofo, K., Waterer, G. W., Levine, M., Lindstrom, S., Winchell, J. M., Katz, J. M., Erdman, D., Schneider, E., Hicks, L. A., McCullers, J. A., Pavia, A. T., Edwards, K. M., & Finelli, L.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2015-07-30
Volume: 373
Issue: 5
Pages: 415-427
ISSN: 0028-4793
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1500245
PMC: PMC4728150
Cited by: 2,323
References: 2
Language: en

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Adults

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