The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 42 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Copeptin-Based Approach in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The indirect water-deprivation test is the current reference standard for the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. However, it is technically cumbersome to administer, and the results are often inaccurate. The current study compared the indirect water-deprivation test with direct detection of plasma copeptin, a precursor-derived surrogate of arginine vasopressin. METHODS: From 2013 to 2017, we recruited 156 patients with hypotonic polyuria at 11 medical centers to undergo both water-deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion tests. In the latter test, plasma copeptin was measured when the plasma sodium level had increased to at least 150 mmol per liter after infusion of hypertonic saline. The primary outcome was the overall diagnostic accuracy of each test as compared with the final reference diagnosis, which was determined on the basis of medical history, test results, and treatment response, with copeptin levels masked. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients underwent both tests. The final diagnosis was primary polydipsia in 82 patients (57%), central diabetes insipidus in 59 (41%), and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in 3 (2%). Overall, among the 141 patients included in the analysis, the indirect water-deprivation test determined the correct diagnosis in 108 patients (diagnostic accuracy, 76.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9 to 83.2), and the hypertonic saline infusion test (with a copeptin cutoff level of >4.9 pmol per liter) determined the correct diagnosis in 136 patients (96.5%; 95% CI, 92.1 to 98.6; P<0.001). The indirect water-deprivation test correctly distinguished primary polydipsia from partial central diabetes insipidus in 77 of 105 patients (73.3%; 95% CI, 63.9 to 81.2), and the hypertonic saline infusion test distinguished between the two conditions in 99 of 104 patients (95.2%; 95% CI, 89.4 to 98.1; adjusted P<0.001). One serious adverse event (desmopressin-induced hyponatremia that resulted in hospitalization) occurred during the water-deprivation test. CONCLUSIONS: The direct measurement of hypertonic saline-stimulated plasma copeptin had greater diagnostic accuracy than the water-deprivation test in patients with hypotonic polyuria. (Funded by the Swiss National Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01940614 .).
Overview
CoChat Summary
TL;DR
In 141 analyzed patients with hypotonic polyuria, hypertonic saline–stimulated plasma copeptin measurement was more accurate than the indirect water-deprivation test for distinguishing central diabetes insipidus from primary polydipsia. The prespecified copeptin cutoff of >4.9 pmol/L achieved 96.5% overall diagnostic accuracy versus 76.6% for the indirect water-deprivation test.
Key findings
- Hypertonic saline–stimulated copeptin (>4.9 pmol/L) correctly diagnosed 136 of 141 patients (96.5%; 95% CI, 92.1–98.6), compared with 108 of 141 (76.6%; 95% CI, 68.9–83.2) for the indirect water-deprivation test (P<0.001).
- For the clinically important distinction of primary polydipsia from partial central diabetes insipidus, accuracy was 95.2% (99/104; 95% CI, 89.4–98.1) with hypertonic saline–stimulated copeptin versus 73.3% (77/105; 95% CI, 63.9–81.2) with the indirect water-deprivation test (adjusted P<0.001).
- At the prespecified >4.9 pmol/L cutoff, sensitivity was 93.2% and specificity 100%; a post hoc >6.5 pmol/L cutoff had diagnostic accuracy 97.9%, sensitivity 94.9%, and specificity 100%.
- Water-deprivation–stimulated copeptin had lower diagnostic accuracy than the indirect water-deprivation test (44.0%; 95% CI, 35.7–52.5 vs. 76.6%; 95% CI, 68.9–83.2), and one serious adverse event occurred during water deprivation: desmopressin-induced hyponatremia requiring hospitalization.
Methods
- Prospective, international, multicenter study at 11 tertiary medical centers in Switzerland, Germany, and Brazil from July 2013 to June 2017; 156 patients aged ≥16 years with hypotonic polyuria or confirmed central diabetes insipidus were recruited, 144 underwent both tests, and 141 were included in the primary analysis.
- Patients underwent an indirect water-deprivation test and a hypertonic saline infusion test on separate days; plasma copeptin was measured when plasma sodium reached at least 150 mmol/L after hypertonic saline.
- Primary outcome was overall diagnostic accuracy versus a final reference diagnosis determined after study completion by two independent board-certified endocrinologists masked to copeptin levels, using medical history, water-deprivation test results, laboratory and imaging data, and 3-month treatment response; discordant diagnoses (4 of 144) were resolved with a third expert.
Limitations
- The paper states there is no diagnostic standard for hypotonic polyuria and that the reference diagnosis incorporated indirect water-deprivation test results, which may have caused incorporation bias; if present, this may have overestimated the diagnostic performance of the water-deprivation test.
- The paper notes caveats for hypertonic saline infusion: more adverse effects were reported than with water deprivation, close sodium monitoring was required, and female patients appeared more vulnerable to marked sodium increases; the test also required achieving a diagnostically meaningful hyperosmotic sodium level.
- Evident from the text: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was assessed only descriptively in 3 patients, so performance in that group is not established; symptom burden and preference relied on patient-rated visual-analogue scores.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 Valid · 0 Not valid · 20 Not checked · 47 Own results and interpretations
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One serious adverse event was reported: desmopressin-induced hyponatremia after the water-deprivation test, which resulted in hospitalization of the patient (Table 3).”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and the overall tolerability (i.e., convenience of the test and patients' comfort level during the test) lower (38% of patients preferred the water-deprivation test, whereas 62% preferred the hypertonic saline infusion test)”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the postulated superiority of water-deprivation-stimulated copeptin to the indirect water-deprivation test could not be confirmed in this study.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption not shown here.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the patients in the current study whose diagnosis was misclassified according to the indirect waterdeprivation test received the correct diagnosis according to the results of the hypertonic saline infusion test with the prespecified copeptin cutoff of 4.9 pmol per liter.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption not shown here.
In the paper
“The overall diagnostic accuracy of waterdeprivation-stimulated copeptin (with use of the prespecified ratio of stimulated copeptin to plasma sodium described above) in distinguishing primary polydipsia from central diabetes insipidus 5 was significantly lower than that of the indirect water-deprivation test (44.0%[95% CI, 35.7 to 52.5] vs. 76.6% [95% CI, 68.9 to 83.2])”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
38 more claims
Create a free account to see all 67 claims and every source verdict.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Shivering 1 (<1) 3 (<1)”
Reported 1 · recomputed 2.12766
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“67.1 (55.4-77.5)57/76”
Reported 67.1 · recomputed 75
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Hyponatremia due to excess water retention after administration of desmopressin 4 (<1)”
Reported 1 · recomputed 2.836879
Citations
Cites
Assay for the Measurement of Copeptin, a Stable Peptide Derived from the Precursor of Vasopressin
Morgenthaler, N. G., Struck, J., Alonso, C., & Bergmann, A. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.060038 · Cited by 1,166
Robertson, G. L., Mahr, E. A., Athar, S., & Sinha, T. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107423 · Cited by 787
The osmoregulation of vasopressin
Robertson, G. L., Shelton, R. L., & Athar, S. (1976) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1976.76 · Cited by 527
Disorders of body water homeostasis
Verbalis, J. G. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1521-690x(03)00049-6 · Cited by 454
Recognition of Partial Defects in Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
MILLER, M., DALAKOS, T., MOSES, A. M., FELLERMAN, H., & STREETEN, D. H. P. (1970) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-721 · Cited by 413
The Regulation of Vasopressin Function in Health and Disease
ROBERTSON, G. L. (1977) · Proceedings of the 1976 Laurentian Hormone Conference · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571133-3.50015-5 · Cited by 373
Zerbe, R. L., & Robertson, G. L. (1981) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198112243052601 · Cited by 268
Balanescu, S., Kopp, P., Gaskill, M. B., Morgenthaler, N. G., Schindler, C., & Rutishauser, J. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2499 · Cited by 246
Current State and Future Perspectives in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus: A Clinical Review
Fenske, W. K., & Allolio, B. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1981 · Cited by 221
Self-citationRobertson, G. L. (1995) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30031-8 · Cited by 208
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Rose BD Post TW. Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill 2001:748-767.
Cited by
Items 201–300 of 310
Diabetes Insipidus: Novel Diagnostic Approaches
Martino, M., Giancola, G., & Arnaldi, G. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27119-9_5 · Cited by 1
Morin, D. (2024) · EMC - Pediatría · doi:10.1016/s1245-1789(24)49325-6 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Y., Chen, R., Kong, X., Yan, Y., & Su, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1498731 · Cited by 1
Copeptin in the diagnosis and management of renal tubular disorders
Madariaga, L., Ferrulli, A., & García-Alonso, M. A. (2025) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-025-06941-9 · Cited by 1
Sousa, C. D., Nardoque, B. G. P., Aragon, D. C., Moreira, A. C., Sarti, M. T. A., Elias, P. C. L., & Antonini, S. R. R. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00248.2024 · Cited by 1
Sakuma, M., Misawa, F., Maeda, M., 藤井, 康., Uchida, H., Mimura, M., & Takeuchi, H. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113708 · Cited by 1
Schwarz, C., & Lindner, G. (2019) · Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1007/s41969-019-0058-7
FGF-21 levels in polyuria-polydipsia syndrome
Refardt, J. C., Sailer, C. O., Winzeler, B. F., Mj, B., Chifu, I. O., Schnyder, I., Faßnacht, M., Fenske, W. K., Christ‐Crain, M., & _, _. (2018) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-18-0469
Self-citationPatología psiquiátrica e ingesta de agua: no siempre es polidipsia psicógena
Ropero-Luis, G., Muñoz-Sánchez, A., Sampalo, A. L., Mancebo-Sevilla, J. J., & Gómez‐Huelgas, R. (2018) · Revista Española de Casos Clínicos en Medicina Interna · doi:10.32818/reccmi.a3n3a14
Utilizzo del dosaggio di copeptina nella diagnosi di diabete insipido
Peri, A. (2019) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-019-00548-7
A “Set Point” for Water Homeostasis Disturbed with Altered Kidney Transplantation Outcome
Bichet, D. G. (2019) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2019050472
A Case of Iatrogenic Dehydration
Khairallah, P., & Canetta, P. A. (2019) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.04.023
Mantovani, G., & Sindaco, G. D. (2019) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-019-00639-5
Harrois, A., Anstey, J. R., Taccone, F. S., Udy, A. A., Citerio, G., Duranteau, J., Ichaï, C., Badenes, R., Prowle, J. R., Ercole, A., et al. (2019) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0610-z
Primary polydipsia in the medical and psychiatric patients
Sailer, C. O. (2020) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-007218396
Calado, J., & Lisboa, P. (2021) · Portuguese Journal of Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.32932/pjnh.2021.01.107
Fustini, M. F. (2021) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-021-00842-3
Endocrinological diagnosis and replacement therapy for diabetes insipidus
Christ‐Crain, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819949-7.00021-4
Self-citationde Souza, M. C. A., Alvarenga, V. N., & de Souza, G. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv4n2-348
رشدي, ع. م. ع. ر. ع. م. ع. (2021) · Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Computing and Information Technology Sciences · doi:10.4197/comp.10-1.3
Diabetes Insipidus and Acute Hypernatremia
Flippo, C. L., Tatsi, C., & Stratakis, C. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-76097-3.00019-3
Diabetes insípida de origen central secundario a hipofisitis. Reporte de 2 casos
Tovar, H., Flórez, A., Quintero, G., & Concha, D. (2021) · Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo · doi:10.53853/encr.7.4.657
La diagnostica del diabete insipido
Ferrante, E. (2021) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-021-00960-y
Sugawara, L., Nakamura, T., Ishizuka, Y., & Maegawa, H. (2021) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0187
Partial Central Diabetes Insipidus Following Endonasal Biopsy
Craven, M., & McCormack, S. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83248-3_11
Karavitaki, N., Thompson, C. J., & Galloway, I. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198851899.003.0002
Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypernatremia
Savedchuk, S., & Lehrich, R. W. (2022) · Nephrology Self-Assessment Program · doi:10.1681/nsap.2022.20.2.2
Other Disorders of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus in Pregnancy
Carroll, P., Karavitaki, N., & Lithgow, K. C. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0176
Ball, S. G. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0015
(2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21921-4.00246-4
Desmopressin: Hyponatraemia: case report
(2018) · Reactions Weekly · doi:10.1007/s40278-018-51435-y
LynShue, K. A., Yau, M., & Sperling, M. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53363-2_43
Seelig, E., & Rutishauser, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62011-0_9
Changes in serum copeptin in the early onset of type 2 diabetes
Xie, X., Bai, G., Qiang, D., Zhang, L., Liu, H., He, Y. T., & Zhang, X. (2022) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2022-0019
Test di stimolo per la diagnosi differenziale delle sindromi polidipsico/poliuriche
Peri, A. (2022) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-022-01172-8
Diabetes insípida como manifestación inicial de linfoma extraganglionar nasal de células T/NK
Pascual, C. C., García, P. D. D., Sacoto, W. V. G., Marin, M. C., & Moreno, J. M. (2022) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2022.06.004
Wyniger, L., Beuret, N., Rutishauser, J., & Seelig, E. (2022) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luac023
Diabetes insipidus as initial manifestation of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma nasal type
Pascual, C. C., García, P. D. D., Sacoto, W. V. G., Marin, M. C., & Moreno, J. M. (2023) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2022.06.012
Investigating the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome: the “PP” Shiny app
Choy, K. W., & Georgiadis, E. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2022-1311
Talapatra, I., & Mukherjee, U. (2023) · World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences · doi:10.30574/wjbphs.2023.13.3.0114
Laboratory Evaluation of Renal Disease in Childhood
Noone, D. G., & Langlois, V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11665-0_2
Diabetes Insipidus: Novel Diagnostic Approaches
Martino, M., Giancola, G., & Arnaldi, G. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44628-4_5-1
Disorders of Water Balance: Physiology
Reddi, A. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25810-7_11
Long-Term Effects of Cancer Treatment
McNerney, K. P., & Jasim, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37275-9_10
Test diagnostici per il diabete insipido: un aggiornamento
Berton, A. M., Prencipe, N., Varaldo, E., Settanni, F., Zenga, F., Gasco, V., & Grottoli, S. (2023) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-023-01375-7
Arginine or Hypertonic Saline–Stimulated Copeptin to Diagnose AVP Deficiency
Ikeme, J. C., Newman, T. B., & Kohn, M. A. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2314326
Neues zum Hypophysenhinterlappen
Wolf, P. (2024) · Journal für Endokrinologie Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1007/s41969-024-00231-9
Giunta, R., Gervasi, L., Torrisi, I., Aliotta, R., & Marcantoni, C. (2024) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-024-01945-4
Quand l’équilibre hydrique déraille
Christ‐Crain, M. (2024) · Forum Médical Suisse ‒ Swiss Medical Forum · doi:10.4414/fms.2024.1340788640
Self-citationHypernatremia: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, Treatment, and Updates
Vijayan, M., & Rein, J. L. (2024) · Nephrology Self-Assessment Program · doi:10.58483/nsap.00142024
Montenegro, A. R., Piorno, A. G., Sanz-Pastor, A. G., & Albarrán, O. G. (2024) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/j.med.2024.09.001
Protocolo diagnóstico de la poliuria
Montenegro, A. R., Fernández, L. G., Guerra, A. L., & Albarrán, O. G. (2024) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/j.med.2024.09.005
Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency Heralding Rosai-Dorfman Disease With Neurological Manifestations
Felske, D., Gabbay, J., Boles, B., & Gilbert, M. P. (2024) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae206
Central Diabetes Insipidus in Father and Son Linked to a Rare Variant: A Case Report
Araújo, P. B., Sá, L. C., Sousa, R., Villela, D., Cavalcanti, T. T. S. L., Migliavacca, M. P., Guimarães, M. M., Souza, M., Naliato, E. C. O., Botelho, M., et al. (2025) · Biomedicine Hub · doi:10.1159/000543795
Polyuria and polydipsia syndrome
Freitas, I., Soares, B. S., Drummond, J., & Robertson, G. L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00205-3
Self-citationZhang, H., Ge, Y., Feng, L., Zhang, J., Wang, N., Zhang, X.-Y., & Liu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1484693
Diagnosing arginine vasopressin deficiency and primary polydipsia
Choy, K. W., & Chiang, C. Y. (2025) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00067-1
Sousa, C. D. (2024) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2024.tde-16012025-151758
Enhancing diagnostic tools for vasopressin deficiency: insights from a single-center cohort study
Mondin, A., Bovo, G., Antonelli, G., Faggian, D., Mazzeo, P., Bavaresco, A., Ceccato, F., & Barbot, M. (2025) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-025-01538-9
Bruder, N., & Velly, L. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198864714.003.0015
Endocrine Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in Childhood and Adolescence
Sonawalla, A., Rosenfeld, E., & Fleischman, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10944-7.00174-8
Diagnostic et traitement d’un diabète insipide
Charbit, J., Staquet, H., Ba, S. T., Decq, P., & Bihan, H. (2025) · EMC - Endocrinologie - Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s1155-1941(24)43260-5
Rare co-presentation of acute Sheehan’s syndrome with central diabetes insipidus: A case report.
Bentaleb, S., Bouaichi, H., Essafi, M. A., Azime, Z. E., Aynaou, H., & Salhi, H. (2025) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.46844
Pucci, A., Bossetti, C., & Lania, A. G. (2025) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-025-01671-4
Diabetes Insípida: Perspectivas Actuales y Futuras. Una revisión bibliográfica
Peláez, A. G. B., Rivera, K. A. Q., Morocho, J. I. Q., & Guzhñay, L. S. O. (2025) · Revista estudiantil CEUS · doi:10.26871/ceus.v5i3.182
Abordaje de la hipovitaminosis D como factor de riesgo en hipertensión arterial
Trelles, J. B. R., Izquierdo, P., Vanegas, C. P. Z., & Daquilema, J. F. C. (2025) · Revista estudiantil CEUS · doi:10.26871/ceus.v5i3.175
Association Between Two Qualitative Variables
Chang, P. C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49984-5_9
Handa, T., Hagiwara, D., Maeda, R., Miyata, T., Kobayashi, T., Sugiyama, M., Onoue, T., Iwama, S., Suga, H., Banno, R., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf432
Diabète insipide néphrogénique congénital et syndrome d'antidiurèse d'origine néphrogénique
Morin, D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76353-3.00046-7
Krishna, M. S. V., Babu, D., Singh, M., & Madhavan, S. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.89995
Differentiating AVP deficiency and primary polydipsia: a clinical and biochemical perspective
Erdoğan, B. T., Deniz, M. S., Balsak, B. Ö. T., Keskin, Ç., Polat, Ş. B., Topaloğlu, O., Ersoy, R., & Çakır, B. (2025) · Anatolian Current Medical Journal · doi:10.38053/acmj.1705329
Il diabete insipido centrale (difetto di vasopressina) in età pediatrica
Patti, G., Fumo, R., Napoli, F., Maghnie, M., & Iorgi, N. D. (2025) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-025-01712-y
Saba, L., Mouallem, R. E., Touma, E., Creo, A. L., Salama, M., & Hanna, C. (2025) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-025-00354-4
Polyuria in the ICU – diabetes insipidus and other causes
Carr, A. C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11611-7.00069-4
Hypopituitarism, causes, diagnosis, management and mortality
Fountas, A., Effraimidis, G., & Karavitaki, N. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00308-3
Salvo, F., Luppi, F., Lucchesi, D. M. F., Canovi, S., Franchini, S., Polese, A., Santi, F., Trabucco, L., Fasano, T., & Ferrari, A. M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11992227
Tan, B. W. L. (2021) · Massey Research Online (Massey University)
Causes of polyuria and polydipsia: A clinical challenge
Babić, J., Marković, B., Klet, S., Janić, T., Joksimović, N., Stojković, M., Nedeljković, B. B., & Žarković, M. (2025) · Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma · doi:10.5937/mgiszm2598037b
Copeptin (Not Only) in Water and Sodium Disorders
Drugda, J., Gabalec, F., & Horáček, J. (2025) · Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) · doi:10.14712/18059694.2025.24
Magnesium sulfate may unmask subclinical excess vasopressinase-induced arginine vasopressin disorder
Yanagisawa, S., Oikawa, Y., Endo, M., Kamei, Y., Sugimura, Y., & Shimada, A. (2026) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf695
Primary polydipsia: Unquenchable thirsts
Patel, S., & Judd, S. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009335874.009
Mu, D.-N., Qi, Z., Ma, Y., Gao, Y., Li, Y.-M., Zhang, Q., Yu, S.-L., Qiu, L., & Cheng, X.-Q. (2026) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1123.2025.05010
Ojeda, D., Ferrer, R., Garnacho‐Montero, J., Maseda-Garrido, E., & Ochagavía, A. (2026) · Medicina Intensiva · doi:10.1016/j.medin.2026.502448
Repetitive Scuba Diving as a Novel Trigger for Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Report
Zeng, B., & Zheng, S. (2026) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106536
Elektrolytstörungen in der Intensivmedizin
Rex, N., Schmidt-Ott, K. M., & Schenk, H. J. (2026) · Die Nephrologie · doi:10.1007/s11560-026-00917-y
Bima, C., Campioni, L., Berton, A. M., Sola, C., Bergoglio, B., Carlo, M. C. D., Ponzetto, F., Settanni, F., Ceccato, F., Parasiliti‐Caprino, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-02874-8
Naito, S., Hagiwara, D., Kitamura, M., Ashida, R., Kawaguchi, Y., Miyata, T., Handa, T., Kobayashi, T., Sugiyama, M., Onoue, T., et al. (2026) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej26-0094
COPeptin Evaluation in arginine vasopressin Deficiency post transsphenoidal surgery (COPED study)
Tam, F. K., Chan, H. Y., Yuen, M.-H., Mak, H. K. C., Leung, M. T., Lau, C.-Y., Lai, P. S. J., Chen, P. L. S., Shek, C. C., Lee, S. W. K., et al. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01676-8
Andaluz‐Ojeda, D., Ferrer, R., Garnacho‐Montero, J., Maseda-Garrido, E., & Ochagavía, A. (2026) · Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medine.2026.502448
Sun, G. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-90919-1_33-1
Bichet, D. G. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815389-5.00016-2
Copeptin as a diagnostic tool in a patient with adipsia and hypernatremia
Elias, P. C. L., de Assunção, B. R., dos Santos, A. C., Castro, M., Elias, L. L. K., & Moreira, A. C. (2026) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luag140
Dual Aetiology of Diabetes Insipidus in Pregnancy: Vasopressinase‐Mediated and Central Mechanisms
Mkhize, P., van Heerden, P., Sabela, T., Davids, M. R., & Chothia, M. (2026) · Case Reports in Nephrology · doi:10.1155/crin/7536497
La sindrome poliurico-polidipsica tra nuove terminologie e nuovi test diagnostici
Ferrante, E., Mungari, R., & Mantovani, G. (2026) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-026-01829-8
Higashijima, Y., Moriwaki, M., Kawaguchi, T., Yokote, T., Imanuelle, N., Matsuzaki, T., Sonoda, H., & Ikeda, M. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00328.2025
Plasma oxytocin, early predictor of transient postoperative arginine vasopressin deficiency
Constanthin, P. E., Isidor, N., de Seigneux, S., Mavromati, M., Christ‐Crain, M., Lejri, I., Eckert, A., & Momjian, S. (2026) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgag270
Self-citationMalatesta, L., Marongiu, G., Pegoraro, F., Stagi, S., Mortilla, M., Allinovi, M., Buccoliero, A. M., Sieni, E., & Vaglio, A. (2026) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-026-07179-7
Jena, D., Mishra, S., Palai, S., Sahoo, B. K., Mohanty, A., Dhal, B. S., Mishra, S., & Pattanaik, S. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.112989
Clinical and diagnostic complexities of adipsic arginine vasopressin deficiency
Chaudhury, N., Sheikh, A.-R., & Rao, R. (2026) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luag175
Metadata
- Authors
- Fenske, W., Refardt, J., Chifu, I., Schnyder, I., Winzeler, B., Drummond, J., Ribeiro-Oliveira, A., Drescher, T., Bilz, S., Vogt, D. R., Malzahn, U., Kroiss, M., Christ, E., Henzen, C., Fischli, S., Tönjes, A., Mueller, B., Schopohl, J., Flitsch, J., Brabant, G., Fassnacht, M., & Christ-Crain, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- From the University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (W.F., A.T.), and Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig, the Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg (I.C., M.K., M.F.), and the Clinical Trial Center (U.M.) and Central Laboratory (M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig...
- University of Basel (CH)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2018-08-02
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 428-439
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2886697375
- Semantic Scholar
- a39acf4d43bf7ce8825c5447520285c5c1bf2340
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 24.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (none, laboratory measurement of copeptin)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF-162608)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AOBJ: 624808)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (FKZ:01EO1501)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- copeptin, water deprivation test, vasopressin, central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, primary polydipsia, diagnostic accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Deamino Arginine Vasopressin, Diabetes Insipidus, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Glycopeptides, Humans, Hyponatremia, Male, Middle Aged, Osmolar Concentration, Polyuria, ROC Curve, Saline Solution, Hypertonic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urine, Water Deprivation, Polydipsia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-14, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-14 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
