The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Vertebrobasilar Disease
Abstract
About 20 percent of ischemic strokes involve the posterior circulation. The correct diagnosis is often delayed, and workups in patients with symptoms may not always suggest vertebrobasilar disease. This review explains the causes, typical presentations, and characteristic findings of common strokes resulting from disease in the vertebral, basilar, or posterior cerebral arteries. Recommendations are made for treatment with thrombolytic agents and the prophylactic use of antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Fewer than 1% of patients with vertebrobasilar ischaemia present with a single presenting symptom.”
From 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (2018) · cites this paper as [425]
Citations
Cites
Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke
(1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199512143332401 · Cited by 11,654
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133317.49796.0e · Cited by 6,902
Comparison of Warfarin and Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis
Chimowitz, M. I., Lynn, M., Howlett-Smith, H., Stern, B. J., Hertzberg, V., Frankel, M., Levine, S. R., Chaturvedi, S., Kasner, S. E., Benesch, C. G., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043033 · Cited by 1,742
Spontaneous Dissection of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Schievink, W. I. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200103223441206 · Cited by 1,578
The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke.
Bogousslavsky, J., van Melle, G., & Regli, F. (1988) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.19.9.1083 · Cited by 1,364
A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke
Mohr, J. P., Thompson, J. L. P., Lazar, R. M., Levin, B., Sacco, R. L., Furie, K. L., Kistler, J. P., Albers, G. W., Pettigrew, L. C., Adams, H. P., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011258 · Cited by 1,168
Hacke, W., Zeumer, H., Ferbert, A., Brückmann, H., & del Zoppo, G. J. (1988) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.19.10.1216 · Cited by 819
The arterial lesions underlying lacunes
Fisher, C. M. (1969) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00685305 · Cited by 755
The Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Study
Chimowitz, M. I., Kokkinos, J., Strong, J., Brown, M. B., Levine, S. R., Silliman, S. L., Pessin, M. S., Weichel, E. D., Sila, C. A., Furlan, A. J., et al. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.8.1488 · Cited by 617
Intracranial branch atheromatous disease
Caplan, L. R. (1989) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.39.9.1246 · Cited by 585
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Caplan LR. Posterior circulation disease: clinical findings, diagnosis, and management. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Science, 1996.
- Millikan CH, 1955, Mayo Clin Proc, 30, 61
- Oppenheim C, 2000, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 21, 1434
- Ackerstaff RGA. Duplex scanning of the aortic arch and vertebral arteries. In: Bernstein EF, ed. Vascular diagnosis. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1993:315-21.
- Lutsep HL, 2003, Stroke, 34, 253
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–485 of 485
Differential Diagnosis of Vasovagal Syncope
Alboni, P., Furlan, R., & Cortelli, P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09102-0_13
Kerut, C. K., Sheahan, C. M., & Sheahan, M. G. (2020) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.14656
Three strikes? Failed vascular access in mechanical thrombectomy
Walker, M., Levitt, M. R., & Ghodke, B. V. (2020) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.2879
Schädler, S. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-45147-8.00008-4
BLUNT CEREBROVASCULAR INJURIES
Cothren, C. C., & Moore, E. E. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50035-7
Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease
Dzialowski, I., Puetz, V., Parsons, M., & von Kummer, R. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00047-5
Percutaneous Management of Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease
Jaffery, Z., & White, C. J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4528-8_35
Bedel, C., & Korkut, M. (2020) · Indian Journal of Medical Specialities · doi:10.4103/injms.injms_14_20
Stroke mimicking an acute coronary syndrome: a stroke chameleon that is worth knowing
Moulin, S. (2020) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14456
Clinical Reasoning: A 55-Year-Old Man with Acute Vertigo
Kim, S. (2021) · Journal of the Korean Neurological Association · doi:10.17340/jkna.2021.1.14
Berkeley, J. L., & Wityk, R. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-61204-3.00067-1
Eye Movements and Vestibular Dysfunction: Lesions of Medulla Oblongata
Shaikh, A. G., & Wang, F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70221-2_6
Neuroendovascular Management of Acute Ischemic Basilar Strokes: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Porto, G. B. F., Sattur, M. G., Kasab, S. A., Spiotta, A. M., Arthur, A. S., Bain, M., Bendock, B., Binning, M. J., Boulos, A. S., Crowley, W., et al. (2021) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/ons/opab180
The effect of vertebral artery characteristics on cervical discogenic pain and disability
Şan, A. U., & Keleş, H. (2021) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.954040
Vascular Supply and Territories of the Cerebellum
Caplan, L. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_17
Self-citationUltrasound Assessment of the Vertebral Arteries
Bendick, P. J. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1417-3.00011-5
Jenkins, J. S. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.018
Vertebral Artery Ultrasonography
Kepplinger, J., Barlinn, K., & Alexandrov, A. V. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4005-4_9
Brainin, M. (2014) · World Stroke Academy · doi:10.1002/wsa2.20025
Color Duplex Scanning of Vertebral Artery
Barlinn, K., & Alexandrov, A. V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60626-8_14
Síndrome de Wallenberg, una presentación típica en el área de urgencias. Reporte de caso
Novoa-Santander, N. L. (2022) · Revista de Educaci�n e Investigaci�n en Emergencias · doi:10.24875/reie.21000214
Schädler, S. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-45148-5.00003-6
Vascular Supply and Territories of the Cerebellum
Caplan, L. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_17-2
Self-citationMunksgaard, B. (2008) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00305.x
Bianco, C. M., Nekkanti, R., Latif, F., Hung, P. N., Tran, P., An, H. T., & Nguyen, T. N. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118965061.ch10
Color Duplex Scanning of Vertebral Artery
Barlinn, J., Barlinn, K., & Alexandrov, A. V. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49616-6_14-1
(2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6160-1.00085-5
Sergott, R. C. (2006) · Yearbook of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0084-392x(08)70372-1
Amin‐Hanjani, S., & Charbel, F. T. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-287-89787-0_10
(2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3074-4.10011-6
Vertebral Artery Ultrasonography
Ribó, M., & Alexandrov, A. V. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-957-2_5
Kresowik, T. F., & Harold P. Adams (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5223-4.00094-9
A Case of Traffic Accident Caused by Sudden Unexpected Disease
闫, 文. (2019) · Open Journal of Legal Science · doi:10.12677/ojls.2019.73005
Nardone, A., & Prestinari, A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-1120-5_18
Features of the Variant Anatomy of the Vertebral Artery in the Third Segment
Турлюк, Д. В., Янушко, В. А., Роговой, Н. А., & Алексеев, С. А. (2021) · Хирургия Восточная Европа · doi:10.34883/pi.2021.10.2.011
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Stenosis Presenting as Recurrent Orthostatic Dizziness
Jeon, S., Park, J., Lee, J., & Hong, S. (2022) · Research in Vestibular Science · doi:10.21790/rvs.2022.21.2.53
Analysis of Bending Degree of Basilar Artery Using Image Processing
Kim, J., Jang, Y., Kwak, H. S., Tayara, H., & Chong, K. T. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12092066
Orlova, Y. I., Mikhailova, I. V., Маллин, Д. А., & Ivanov, O. Y. (2022) · Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.17116/otorino20228704132
Evaluation, causes and management of acute spontaneous dizziness
Subahi, E. A., Alanazi, A. S., Alanazi, L. K., Alharbi, M. K., Shehab, H. A. B., Alnakhli, F. A., Tawhari, M. A., Alshammari, S. M. S., Alshahrani, M. M. A., Alfaifi, A. S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222589
Турлюк, Д. В., Хрыщанович, В. Я., Алексеев, С. А., Кардаш, О. Ф., Кордзахия, Г. Э., & Халькин, И. А. (2022) · Рецепт · doi:10.34883/pi.2022.25.5.004
Tian, G., & Sun, X. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4668-4_14
Chen, S., Zhong, Z., & Tu, D.-P. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13010146
Vascular Supply and Territories of the Cerebellum
Wang, Q., & Caplan, L. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15070-8_5
Self-citationSíndrome de Foville: una emergencia neurológica de gran relevancia clínica. Reporte de caso
Téllez-Villa, J. A., Bustamante, N. P. G., Molina-Sánchez, F. J., Figueroa-Casanova, R., Pérez-Rivera, C. J., Mosos-Patiño, M. B., Gil-Aldana, V., & Zapata-Diaz, O. E. (2023) · Case reports · doi:10.15446/cr.v8n2.94010
Diagnostic différentiel en kinésithérapie vestibulaire
Xavier, F., Chouin, E., Courcoux, F., Vest, L., Vitaux, H., & Devèze, A. (2023) · Kinésithérapie la Revue · doi:10.1016/j.kine.2023.05.008
Mataki, K., Koda, M., Takahashi, K., Takeuchi, R., Tsukanishi, T., Miyamoto, S., Yoshii, Y., Ishii, T., Saida, A., & Yamazaki, M. (2023) · JOS Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.joscr.2023.06.003
Kijpaisalratana, N., Charnnarong, N., Payungporn, S., & Pisitkun, T. (2019) · Chula Digiverse · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2019.371
ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL POSTURE IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO
Celik, T. O. (2023) · Bozok Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1340752
Kanaev, R., Niyazbekov, C., & Kydyrbaeva, A. (2023) · Bulletin of Science and Practice · doi:10.33619/2414-2948/95/14
Severe Bilateral Vertebral Arterial Disease Masquerading as Vertigo
Ahmed, J. A., Ahmed, K. A., & Ahmed, M. H. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.50410
Shi, C., Wang, Z., Lin, M., Chen, Z., Xu, P., Li, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2024.2346984
Parate, R. (2023) · International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · doi:10.21275/sr23520062735
Beware the Basilar: A Case of Stuttering Stroke Symptoms and an Unusual Aftermath
Jones, H. T., & Humphries, F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58188-5_30
Eye Diseases Affecting the Cerebral Vascular System
Dumitrache, M., Lascu, R., & Cioboata, M. (2024) · Ophthalmology Research · doi:10.33425/2639-9482.1037
Relationship between the Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon and the Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Yüksel, Y., Yıldız, C., RAKICI, İ. T., Erkol, C., & Çağlar, F. N. T. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan · doi:10.23950/jcmk/15866
Pathology of the Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Wiesend, W. N. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74719-9_4
Posterior circulation stroke and vestibular syndromes
Lee, H., & Kim, J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198834380.003.0022
Fits, faints, funny turns, and falls in the differential diagnosis of the dizzy patient
Tarnutzer, A. A., & Newman‐Toker, D. E. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198834380.003.0027
Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Wijdicks, E. F. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197544976.003.0034
Absence of T2 flow voids in the vertebral arteries on cervical spine MRI in patients with trauma
Ahn, T. R., Kim, J. S., Yoon, J., & Lee, J.-B. (2025) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112163
Izumi, R., Hayashi, K., Kawahara, E., Suzuki, A., Nakaya, Y., Hayashi, M., Sato, M., & Kobayashi, Y. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.83701
Jian, Y., Xiaobo, D., Wenxin, W., & Ge-sheng, W. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04224-2
Samuel, J. K., Joy, A. C., Beckett, J., Kumar, B., & Ali, R. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.91466
Xie, Y., Liu, X., Gu, H., Zhong, G., Wen, Y., He, J., & Zhong, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578634
Central Vestibular Disorders and Emergent Vertigo
Lawal, O., & Navaratnam, D. S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11740-3_28
Azizi, F., Karatay, E., Eren, A., & Karacay, E. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.102371
Vo, D. N., That, T. D. T., & Duong, V. D. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.103533
Kuma, A., Tegene, B. A., Sheleme, S., Nuri, S., Girma, A., & Amsalu, S. (2026) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.72428
Wei, X., Ma, Z., Wu, H., Jiang, H., Lan, W., Xu, L., Du, M., Cao, H., Wang, X., & Qiu, F. X. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1793654
Bidgoli, A. I., Veliz, A. G., Pina, A., Saavedra, G. A., & Rame, G. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106837
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery stenosis
Zhang, X., Cui, S., Wang, T., Wang, X., Yang, K., Dmytriw, A. A., Li, J., Xu, W., Li, T. Y., Ma, Y. X., et al. (2026) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013692.pub3
Priyavadini, P., Kumari, R., Tabassum, S., & Karn, S. K. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance · doi:10.25258/ijpqa.17.2.39
Chen, Y., Huang, K., Luo, K., & Fan, J. (2026) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0334165
张, 艳. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1651981
Chanda, A., Dattasarma, D., Sen, S., Saha, P., & Sarfaraz, F. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.110367
Lázaro, T. C., Shenoy, V. S., McGrath, M., Abecassis, Z. A., Ghodke, B. V., & Sekhar, L. N. (2026) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/ons.0000000000002090
Anatomical Variations of the Vertebral Arteries, and their Impact on Cerebral Circulation
Zylbeari, G., Bexheti, Z., Čakalaroski, K., Bexheti, S., & KRSTEV, T. (2026) · Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.32391/ajtes.v10i2.545
Hyland, A. C., Belfer, S. J., Fox, C. K., Irwin, S. L., Vassar, R. L., Oh, A., Ilangovan, S., & Gelfand, A. A. (2026) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.70159
Subramanian, P. S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-93040-6.00089-6
Han, Y., Wang, R., Ma, Y., Lijin, C., & Zhang, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1876704
Case report and literature review of stent detachment after vertebral artery stenting
Wang, Q., Sun, F., Liu, Q., Du, Z., Ma, Z., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1842580
Acute vertigo in a 67-year-old woman: Peripheral or central?
Donkor, D. K. A., Nayar, K., & Adams, J. (2026) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.93a.26035
Li, Z., 吴树辉, Wu, C., Yin, Y., & Xu, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1901781
Güzel, A. (2026) · Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1860621
Mehler, M. F. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-057-1_7
Metadata
- Authors
- Savitz, S. I., & Caplan, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2005-06-23
- Volume
- 352
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2618-2626
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2615504795
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- vertebrobasilar disease, posterior circulation stroke, ischemic stroke, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery, stroke diagnosis, thrombolysis, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, stroke prevention
- MeSH terms
- Arteriosclerosis, Brain Ischemia, Consciousness Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Embolism, Humans, Prognosis, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency, Vertigo, Vertebral Artery Dissection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review