Cited by 5,688Patient Safety and Medication ErrorsCardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical OutcomesSurgical site infection prevention

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population

Open access

Haynes, Alex B., Weiser, Thomas G., Berry, William R., Lipsitz, Stuart R., Breizat, Abdel-Hadi S., Dellinger, E. Patchen, Herbosa, Teodoro, Joseph, Sudhir, Kibatala, Pascience L., Lapitan, Marie Carmela M., Merry, Alan F., Moorthy, Krishna, Reznick, Richard K., Taylor, Bryce, Gawande, Atul A.·2009·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmsa0810119

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgery has become an integral part of global health care, with an estimated 234 million operations performed yearly. Surgical complications are common and often preventable. We hypothesized that a program to implement a 19-item surgical safety checklist designed to improve team communication and consistency of care would reduce complications and deaths associated with surgery. METHODS: Between October 2007 and September 2008, eight hospitals in eight cities (Toronto, Canada; New Delhi, India; Amman, Jordan; Auckland, New Zealand; Manila, Philippines; Ifakara, Tanzania; London, England; and Seattle, WA) representing a variety of economic circumstances and diverse populations of patients participated in the World Health Organization's Safe Surgery Saves Lives program. We prospectively collected data on clinical processes and outcomes from 3733 consecutively enrolled patients 16 years of age or older who were undergoing noncardiac surgery. We subsequently collected data on 3955 consecutively enrolled patients after the introduction of the Surgical Safety Checklist. The primary end point was the rate of complications, including death, during hospitalization within the first 30 days after the operation. RESULTS: The rate of death was 1.5% before the checklist was introduced and declined to 0.8% afterward (P=0.003). Inpatient complications occurred in 11.0% of patients at baseline and in 7.0% after introduction of the checklist (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the checklist was associated with concomitant reductions in the rates of death and complications among patients at least 16 years of age who were undergoing noncardiac surgery in a diverse group of hospitals.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmsa0810119

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Classification of Surgical Complications: A New Proposal With Evaluation in a Cohort of 6336 Patients and Results of a Survey
Dindo, D., Demartines, N., & Clavien, P.-A. (2004) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae · Cited by 31,378
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646
Disease control priorities in developing countries
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-0343 · Cited by 3,636
An estimation of the global volume of surgery: a modelling strategy based on available data
Weiser, T. G., Regenbogen, S. E., Thompson, K. D., Haynes, A. B., Lipsitz, S. R., Berry, W. R., & Gawande, A. A. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60878-8 · Cited by 2,579
Self-citation
The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization
Mayo, E. (1934) · Nature · doi:10.1038/134201b0 · Cited by 2,095
Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why
Ronsmans, C., & Graham, W. J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69380-x · Cited by 1,839
The Timing of Prophylactic Administration of Antibiotics and the Risk of Surgical-Wound Infection
Classen, D. C., Evans, R. S., Pestotnik, S. L., Horn, S. D., Menlove, R. L., & Burke, J. P. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199201303260501 · Cited by 1,734
Variation in Hospital Mortality Associated with Inpatient Surgery
Ghaferi, A. A., Birkmeyer, J. D., & Dimick, J. B. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa0903048 · Cited by 1,467
The incidence and nature of surgical adverse events in Colorado and Utah in 1992
Gawande, A. A., Thomas, E. J., Zinner, M. J., & Brennan, T. A. (1999) · Surgery · doi:10.1067/msy.1999.98664 · Cited by 977
Self-citation
Surgical team behaviors and patient outcomes
Mazzocco, K., Petitti, D. B., Fong, K. T., Bonacum, D., Brookey, J., Graham, S., Lasky, R. E., Sexton, J. B., & Thomas, E. J. (2008) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.03.002 · Cited by 786

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 41 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Bickler SW, 2000, Bull World Health Organ, 78, 1330
Khuri SF, 1995, J Am Coll Surg, 180, 519
Austin TW, 1980, Can J Surg, 23, 483
Bernard HR, 1964, Surgery, 56, 151

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,011

IntroAssist: A Tool to Support Writing Introductory Help Requests
Hui, J. S., Gergle, D., & Gerber, E. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173596 · Cited by 76
Building a safety culture in global health: lessons from Guatemala
Rice, H. E., Lou‐Meda, R., Saxton, A. T., Johnston, B., Ramirez, C. C., Méndez, S., Rice, E. N., Aidar, B., Taicher, B. M., Baumgartner, J. N., et al. (2018) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000630 · Cited by 58
Learning non-technical skills in surgery
Allard, M., Blanié, A., Brouquet, A., & Benhamou, D. (2020) · Journal of Visceral Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.03.001 · Cited by 65
Quality of Postoperative Care after Major Orthopedic Surgery Is Correlated with Both Long-term Cardiovascular Outcome and Troponin Ic Elevation
Ausset, S., Auroy, Y., Verret, C., Benhamou, D., Vest, P., Cirodde, A., & Lenoir, B. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181eaacc4 · Cited by 58
Counterheroism, Common Knowledge, and Ergonomics: Concepts from Aviation That Could Improve Patient Safety
Lewis, G. H., Vaithianathan, R., Hockey, P., Hirst, G., & Bagian, J. P. (2011) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00623.x · Cited by 58
“An evaluation found that it was relatively quick and cheap to implement and that in some settings, it reduced deaths and complications for surgical patients by more than a third (Haynes et al. 2009).”
Background
Implementing a Pediatric Surgical Safety Checklist in the OR and Beyond
Norton, E. K., & Rangel, S. J. (2010) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2009.11.069 · Cited by 58
Validation of the SF-36 as a measure of postoperative recovery after colorectal surgery
Antonescu, I., Carli, F., Mayo, N. E., & Feldman, L. S. (2014) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-014-3577-8 · Cited by 58
“Much of this evolution is the result of surgical innovation, including the widespread adoption of laparoscopic surgery [4, 5], the emergence of robotic surgery [6], and the introduction of surgical checklists and care pathways [7, 8].”
Background
Assessment and maintenance of competence in urology
Ahmed, K., Jawad, M., Prokar Dasgupta, A., Darzi, A. W., Athanasiou, T., & Khan, M. S. (2010) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/nrurol.2010.81 · Cited by 59
‘Between the flags’: implementing a rapid response system at scale
Hughes, C. F., Pain, C. H., Braithwaite, J., & Hillman, K. (2014) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2014-002845 · Cited by 58
Lost information during the handover of critically injured trauma patients: a mixed-methods study
Zakrison, T. L., Rosenbloom, B., McFarlan, A., Jovičić, A., Soklaridis, S., Allen, C. J., Schulman, C. I., Namias, N., & Rizoli, S. B. (2015) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003903 · Cited by 58
Teamwork and Collaboration
Xiao, Y., Parker, S. H., & Manser, T. (2013) · Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics · doi:10.1177/1557234x13495181 · Cited by 57
Dissemination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical-site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic
Rafaï, C. D., Frank, T., Manirakiza, A., Gaudeuille, A., Mbecko, J., Nghario, L., Serdouma, E., Tekpa, B., Garin, B., & Breurec, S. (2015) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0348-1 · Cited by 54
“The alarming global burden of avoidable complications resulting from unsafe surgery has been highlighted by the World Health Organization [5].”
Background
Effect of Template Reporting of Brain MRIs for Multiple Sclerosis on Report Thoroughness and Neurologist-Rated Quality: Results of a Prospective Quality Improvement Project
Dickerson, E. C., Davenport, M. S., Syed, F., Stüve, O., Cohen, J. A., Rinker, J. R., Goldman, M. D., Segal, B. M., & Foerster, B. R. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2016.09.037 · Cited by 58
Surgical Site Infections
Seidelman, J., & Anderson, D. J. (2021) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2021.07.006 · Cited by 67
The role of teamwork and non-technical skills for improving emergency surgical outcomes: an international perspective
Stahel, P. F., Cobianchi, L., Mas, F. D., Paterson‐Brown, S., Sakakushev, B. E., Nguyen, C., Fraga, G. P., Yule, S., Damaskos, D., Healey, A. J., et al. (2022) · Patient Safety in Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13037-022-00317-w · Cited by 57
“Emergency general surgery and patient safety While patient safety in surgery has received a significant amount of attention in the past decade since the global implementation of the WHO “Surgical Safety Checklist” [6], emergency general surgery (EGS) still represents a neglected entity in the field of patient safety […”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Applying Lean Methods to Improve Quality and Safety in Surgical Sterile Instrument Processing
Blackmore, C. C., Bishop, R., Luker, S., & Williams, B. (2013) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(13)39014-x · Cited by 57
An audit of the complications of intercostal chest drain insertion in a high volume trauma service in South Africa
Kong, V. Y., Oosthuizen, G., Sartorius, B. K. D., Keene, C., & Clarke, D. (2014) · Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England · doi:10.1308/003588414x14055925058599 · Cited by 57
“the world, and has been shown to have a significant impact in reducing human error related morbidity and mortality.(19) A multifaceted programme that addresses knowledge and technical skills together with a tick box checklist may be the key to reducing the complications associated with ICD insertion.”
Background
Gram-Negative Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units of Latin America and the Caribbean
Luna, C. M., Rodríguez-Noriega, E., Luis Bavestrello, F., & Guzmán-Blanco, M. (2014) · Critical Care Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2014/480463 · Cited by 57
A Clinical Trial Comparing Physician Prompting With an Unprompted Automated Electronic Checklist to Reduce Empirical Antibiotic Utilization
Weiss, C. H., DiBardino, D. M., Rho, J., Sung, N., Collander, B., & Wunderink, R. G. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e318298291a · Cited by 57
Safety culture and the 5 steps to safer surgery: an intervention study
Hill, M. R., Roberts, M. J., Alderson, M. L., & Gale, T. C. E. (2015) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aev063 · Cited by 57
“Haynes and colleagues 13 reported that the bene ﬁ ts that they observed in the reduction in morbidity and mortality following the introduction of the WHO checklist did not correlate with the improvements in the ‘ speci ﬁ c processes of care ’ (i.e. completion of the individual steps on the…”
Root Cause Analysis: Learning from Adverse Safety Events
Brook, O. R., Kruskal, J. B., Eisenberg, R. L., & Larson, D. B. (2015) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.2015150067 · Cited by 57
Image Gently, Step Lightly: Promoting Radiation Safety in Pediatric Interventional Radiology
Sidhu, M. K., Goske, M. J., Connolly, B. L., Racadio, J. M., Yoshizumi, T. T., Strauss, K. J., Coley, B. D., & Utley, T. (2010) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.09.3938 · Cited by 57
“Checklists work by standardizing workflow; the benefits of standardizing workflow include reduction of error, communication of team expectations, sharing of responsibility among the team, ease of training and cross-coverage, and providing a baseline for evaluation and further improvement [4].”
Background
Surgical caseload and the risk of surgical Never Events in England
Moppett, I. K., & Moppett, S. H. (2015) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.13290 · Cited by 57
Essential Surgery: Key Messages of This Volume
Mock, C., Donkor, P., Gawande, A. A., Jamison, D. T. T., Kruk, M. E., & Debas, H. T. (2015) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8_ch1 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Critical differences between elective and emergency surgery: identifying domains for quality improvement in emergency general surgery
Columbus, A. B., Morris, M. A., Lilley, E. J., Harlow, A. F., Haider, A. H., Salim, A., & Havens, J. M. (2018) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2017.11.017 · Cited by 57
Multifaceted interventions improve adherence to the surgical checklist
Putnam, L. R., Levy, S. M., Sajid, M., Dubuisson, D. A., Rogers, N. B., Kao, L. S., Lally, K. P., & Tsao, K. (2014) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2014.03.032 · Cited by 57
Process improvement in cardiac surgery: Development and implementation of a reoperation for bleeding checklist
Loor, G., Vivacqua, A., Sabik, J. F., Li, L., Hixson, E. D., Blackstone, E. H., & Koch, C. G. (2013) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.05.043 · Cited by 56
Advancing the research agenda for diagnostic error reduction
Zwaan, L., Schiff, G. D., & Singh, H. (2013) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001624 · Cited by 56
Prosthetic joint infection—a devastating complication of hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture
Guren, E., Figved, W., Frihagen, F., Watne, L. O., & Westberg, M. (2017) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.1080/17453674.2017.1301009 · Cited by 56
Supporting global antimicrobial stewardship: antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infection in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a scoping review and meta-analysis
Cooper, L., Sneddon, J., Afriyie, D. K., Sefah, I. A., Kurdi, A. B., Godman, B., & Seaton, R. A. (2020) · JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlaa070 · Cited by 56
“30,31,50,65 Several clinical trials assessed different SAP regimens; however, even in recent studies not all of the treatment arms complied with WHO guidelines regarding single dose and timing of administration.”
Background
TeamSTEPPS: Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety
Grose, A., & Burney, D. W. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07105-8_3 · Cited by 56
Reduction of the severe sepsis or septic shock associated mortality by reinforcement of the recommendations bundle: A multicenter study
Lefrant, J., Müller, L., Raillard, A., Jung, B., Beaudroit, L., Favier, L., Masson, B. P. C., Dingemans, G., Thévenot, F., Selcer, D., et al. (2010) · Annales Françaises d Anesthésie et de Réanimation · doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2010.04.007 · Cited by 56
Communication: Is There a Standard Handover Technique to Transfer Patient Care?
Methangkool, E., Tollinche, L. E., Sparling, J. L., & Agarwala, A. V. (2019) · International Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1097/aia.0000000000000241 · Cited by 55
“By standardizing consistency in communication among providers, checklists have been used effectively to reduce morbidity and mortality in both medical and surgical settings.(11) Interventional studies in PACU have shown improvement in medical errors with the implementation of checklists.”
Method
Review of the Basics of Cognitive Error in Emergency Medicine: Still No Easy Answers
Hartigan, S., Brooks, M. N., Hartley, S. E., Forrest, R., Santen, S. A., & Hemphill, R. R. (2020) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.7.47832 · Cited by 56
Cesarean delivery in low- and middle-income countries: A review of quality of care metrics and targets for improvement
Boatin, A. A., Ngonzi, J. N. J., Ganyaglo, G., Mbaye, M., Wylie, B. J., & Diouf, K. (2021) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2021.101199 · Cited by 57
“Reductions in mortality by up to 50% have been demonstrated in post-operative morbidity and overall mortality with use of the checklist [60].”
Background
Rapid sequence induction: where did the consensus go?
Avery, P., Morton, S., Raitt, J., Lossius, H. M., & Lockey, D. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-021-00883-5 · Cited by 55
“Implementation of the checklist was associated with rapid reductions in mortality and complications among patients who were undergoing surgery [27, 28].”
Background
Incidence and causes of perioperative mortality after primary surgery for intracranial tumors: a national, population-based study
Solheim, O. S., Jakola, A. S., Gulati, S., & Johannesen, T. B. (2012) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2011.12.jns11339 · Cited by 55
Simulation to Enhance Patient Safety
Aggarwal, R. K., & Darzi, A. W. (2011) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.11-0728 · Cited by 55
Impact of Objectively Assessing Surgeons’ Teaching on Effective Perioperative Instructional Behaviors
Anderson, C. I., Gupta, R. N., Larson, J. R., Abubars, O. I., Kwiecien, A. J., Lake, A. D., Hozain, A. E., Tanious, A., O’Brien, T., & Basson, M. D. (2013) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2013.2144 · Cited by 55
Antenatal Care Services in Rural Uganda
Conrad, P., Allegri, M. D., Arinaitwe, M., Larsson, E. C., Neuhann, F., Müller, O., & Sarker, M. (2012) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732311431897 · Cited by 55
“Evidence-based and locally adapted checklists detailing all essential procedures could be used to guide health workers (Haynes et al., 2009).”
Background
Towards a sociology of knowledge translation: the importance of being dis-interested in knowledge translation
Kitto, S., Sargeant, J., Reeves, S., & Silver, I. (2011) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-011-9303-6 · Cited by 52
“In contrast, the translation model is primarily guided by the analytical principle of generalized symmetry (Latour 1987; Haynes et al. 2009; Callon 1987; Callon and Law 1989, 1995, 1997; Callon and Latour 1992) whereby explanations presented by all involved in a KT activity are”
BackgroundMethod
NICE guidance on reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital
Treasure, T., & Hill, J. (2010) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.2010.100086 · Cited by 55
Interventions to reduce burnout and improve resilience: impact on a health system’s outcomes
MOFFATT-BRUCE, S. D., NGUYEN, M. C., STEINBERG, B., HOLLIDAY, S., & KLATT, M. (2019) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000458 · Cited by 54
“The participants were also strongly encouraged but not mandated to attend three 1-hour in-person interactive lecture series hosted at The Ohio State University led by expert faculty, including Dr Klatt and Dr Gabbe, with the content including (1) exploring mindfulness and resilience in promoting physician performance,…”
Background
Safe Surgery Checklist, Patient Safety, Teamwork, and Responsibility—Coequal Demands? A Focus Group Study
Willassen, E. T., Jacobsen, I. L. S., & Tveiten, S. (2018) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/2333393618764070 · Cited by 53
“Based on the worldwide piloting and implementation of the SSC (WHO, 2016), research demonstrated that the SSC procedures contribute toward decreasing complications and deaths related to surgical interventions (de Vries et al., 2010; Haugen et al., 2014; Haynes, Berry, & Gawande, 2015; Haynes et al., 2009; Jammer et al…”
BackgroundMethod
Failure to rescue: using rapid response systems to improve care of the deteriorating patient in hospital
Subbe, C. P., & Welch, J. R. (2013) · Clinical Risk · doi:10.1177/1356262213486451 · Cited by 54
Implant time and process efficiency for CT-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer
Mayadev, J., Qi, L., Lentz, S., Benedict, S., Courquin, J., Dieterich, S., Mathai, M. G., Stern, R. L., & Valicenti, R. K. (2014) · Brachytherapy · doi:10.1016/j.brachy.2014.01.004 · Cited by 54
Surgical checklists: A detailed review of their emergence, development, and relevance to neurosurgical practice
Fargen, K. M., Mocco, J., & McConnell, D. (2012) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.4103/2152-7806.92163 · Cited by 54
“One of the major working assumptions when developing the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist was that communication was the greatest contributor to surgical errors.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Supporting patient safety: Examining communication within delivery suite teams through contrasting approaches to research observation
Berridge, E., Mackintosh, N. J., & Freeth, D. (2010) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2010.04.009 · Cited by 54
Surgical Site Signing and “Time Out”
Johnston, G. H. F., Ekert, L., & Pally, E. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.h.01615 · Cited by 54
Accountability in global surgery missions
Zitzman, E., Berkley, H. H., & Jindal, R. M. (2018) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001025 · Cited by 54
Pulse Oximetry
Ortega, R., Hansen, C. J., Elterman, K., & Woo, A. S. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmvcm0904262 · Cited by 54
Inadequate timing of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic surgery. We can do better
Stefánsdóttir, A., Robertsson, O., W‐Dahl, A., Kiernan, S., Gustafson, P., & Lidgren, L. (2009) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.3109/17453670903316868 · Cited by 54
“It was recently shown in a non-randomized study that use of a simple surgical safety checklist reduced morbidity and mortality (Haynes et al. 2009).”
Background
Wrong-site craniotomy: analysis of 35 cases and systems for prevention
Cohen, F. L., Mendelsohn, D. A., & Bernstein, M. (2009) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2009.10.jns091282 · Cited by 53
Image Gently, Step Lightly: Increasing Radiation Dose Awareness in Pediatric Interventions through an International Social Marketing Campaign
Sidhu, M. K., Goske, M. J., Coley, B. D., Connolly, B. L., Racadio, J. M., Yoshizumi, T. T., Utley, T., & Strauss, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2009.07.021 · Cited by 53
Guidelines for Surgeons on Establishing Projects in Low‐Income Countries
Grimes, C. E., Maraka, J., Kingsnorth, A. N., Darko, R., Samkange, C. A., & Lane, R. H. S. (2013) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-013-1999-4 · Cited by 53
“The WHO Safe Surgery Saves Lives safety checklist also has been shown to reduce mortality [19] and should be encouraged at every”
Background
Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events and proposed strategies for reduction
Wong, J. M., Bader, A. M., Laws, E. R., Popp, A. J., & Gawande, A. A. (2012) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2012.9.focus12184 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Improving ATLS Performance in Simulated Pediatric Trauma Resuscitation Using a Checklist
Parsons, S. E., Carter, E. A., Waterhouse, L. J., Fritzeen, J. L., Kelleher, D. C., O’Connell, K. J., Sarcevic, A., Baker, K. M., Nelson, E. T., Werner, N. E., et al. (2013) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000259 · Cited by 53
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Postoperative Goal-Directed Therapy for High-Risk Surgical Patients*
Ebm, C. C., Cecconi, M., Sutton, L., & Rhodes, A. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000164 · Cited by 53
A prospective, observational study of the effects of implementation strategy on compliance with a surgical safety checklist
Hannam, J. A., Glass, L., Kwon, J., Windsor, J. A., Stapelberg, F., Callaghan, K., Merry, A., & Mitchell, S. J. (2013) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001749 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Video Ratings of Surgical Skill and Late Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery
Scally, C. P., Varban, O. A., Carlin, A. M., Birkmeyer, J. D., Dimick, J. B., & Collaborative, F. T. M. B. S. (2016) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.0428 · Cited by 53
Improving Adherence to Essential Birth Practices Using the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist With Peer Coaching: Experience From 60 Public Health Facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India
Delaney, M. M., Maji, P., Kalita, T., Kara, N., Rana, D., Kumar, K., Masoinneuve, J., Cousens, S., Gawande, A. A., Kumar, V., et al. (2017) · Global Health Science and Practice · doi:10.9745/ghsp-d-16-00410 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Implementation of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist Correlates with Reduced Surgical Mortality and Length of Hospital Admission in a High‐Income Country
de Jager, E. C., Gunnarsson, R. K., & Ho, Y. (2018) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4703-x · Cited by 53
“Previous studies have found a significant decrease in postoperative complication rates after the implementation of the checklist with a decrease [5, 20, 21], an increase [22]”
Background
Safe surgery: validation of pre and postoperative checklists
Alpendre, F. T., Cruz, E. D. D. A., Dyniewicz, A. M., Mantovani, M. D. F., Silva, A. E. B. D. C. E., & dos Santos, G. D. S. (2017) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.1854.2907 · Cited by 53
“It was concluded that the use of the checklist practically doubled the possibility of using safe care standards during surgical treatment of the patients(4).”
BackgroundMethod
Clinical review: The hospital of the future - building intelligent environments to facilitate safe and effective acute care delivery
Pickering, B. W., Litell, J. M., Herasevich, V., & Gajic, O. (2012) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11142 · Cited by 52
Magnetic Form Factor of Chromium
Moon, R. M., Koehler, W. C., & Trego, A. L. (1966) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1708324 · Cited by 53
Learning Through Noticing: Theory and Experimental Evidence in FarmingPreprint
Hanna, R., Mullainathan, S., & Schwartzstein, J. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.3386/w18401 · Cited by 53
“For example, Haynes et al. (2009) find that introducing a 19-item surgical safety checklist in eight hospitals reduced the rate of death in the 30 days following noncardiac surgery from 1.”
A standardized protocol to reduce pediatric spine surgery infection: a quality improvement initiative
Ryan, S. L., Sen, A. N., Staggers, K. A., Luerssen, T. G., & Jea, A. H. (2014) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2014.5.peds1448 · Cited by 52
Quality of Care in Humanitarian Surgery
Chu, K., Trelles, M., & Ford, N. P. (2011) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-011-1084-9 · Cited by 56
“nificant reductions in morbidity and mortality in eight countries with varying resources [21].”
Background
Escalation of Care in Surgery
Johnston, M. J., Arora, S., Anderson, O., King, D., Behar, N., & Darzi, A. W. (2014) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000762 · Cited by 52
Randomized clinical trial of the impact of surgical ward-care checklists on postoperative care in a simulated environment
Pucher, P. H., Aggarwal, R. K., Qurashi, M., Singh, P., & Darzi, A. W. (2014) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.9654 · Cited by 52
Acute Outcomes after Introduction of a Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP) for Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty in Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Porras, D., Brown, D. W., Rathod, R. H., Friedman, K. G., Gauvreau, K., Lock, J. E., Esch, J. J., Bergersen, L. J., & Marshall, A. C. (2013) · Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1111/chd.12142 · Cited by 52
“the SCAMP group was lower (25 [10–35] mm Hg) than in matched controls (30 [0–65] mm Hg; P = 0.”
Risk-sensitive events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the influence of the integrated operating room and a preoperative checklist tool
Buzink, S. N., van Lier, L., de Hingh, I. H. J. T., & Jakimowicz, J. J. (2010) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-010-0892-6 · Cited by 52
Making researchers moral: Why trustworthiness requires more than ethics guidelines and review
Johnsson, L., Eriksson, S., Helgesson, G., & HANSSON, M. G. (2014) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/1747016113504778 · Cited by 52
“Successful examples are seen in aviation and some areas of health care (Hales and Pronovost, 2006; Haynes et al., 2009).”
Background
Clinical review: Does it matter which hemodynamic monitoring system is used?
Ramsingh, D. S., Alexander, B. S., & Cannesson, M. P. (2012) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11814 · Cited by 53
“Most recently, studies have demonstrated that applying a simple checklist in the ICU and in the operating room can signifi cantly impact outcome [108,109].”
Background
Safety checklist compliance and a false sense of safety: new directions for research
Rydenfält, C., Ek, Å., & Larsson, P. A. (2013) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002168 · Cited by 53
Use and implementation of standard operating procedures and checklists in prehospital emergency medicine: a literature review
Chen, C., Kan, T., Li, S., Chen, Q., & Gui, L. (2016) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2016.09.057 · Cited by 52
The impact of operative time and hypothermia in acute burn surgery
Ziolkowski, N. I., Rogers, A. D., Xiong, W. G., Hong, B., Patel, S., Trull, B., & Jeschke, M. G. (2017) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2017.10.001 · Cited by 53
Efficacy of introducing a checklist to reduce central venous line associated bloodstream infections in the ICU caring for adult patients
Wichmann, D., Campos, C. E. B., Ehrhardt, S., Kock, T., Weber, C., Rohde, H., & Kluge, S. (2018) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3178-6 · Cited by 53
“The use of checklists has been advocated by the World Health Organization to improve the safety of surgery and initial studies demonstrated a benefit [8].”
Method
Safety in the Home Healthcare Sector
Gershon, R., Dailey, M., Magda, L. A., Riley, H. E. M., Conolly, J., & Silver, A. (2012) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0b013e31824a4ad6 · Cited by 52
Cardiac arrest survival did not increase in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium after implementation of the 2005 AHA CPR and ECC guidelines
Bigham, B. L., Koprowicz, K. M., Rea, T. D., Dorian, P., Aufderheide, T. P., Davis, D. P., Powell, J. L., & Morrison, L. J. (2011) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.03.024 · Cited by 51
A checklist for clinical trials in rare disease: obstacles and anticipatory actions—lessons learned from the FOR-DMD trial
Crow, R. A., Morehart, P. J., McDermott, M. P., Tawil, R., Martens, W. B., Herr, B. E., McColl, E., Wilkinson, J. S., Kirschner, J., King, W. M., et al. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2645-0 · Cited by 51
“checklist to aid sequencing a complex task has been shown to improve outcomes in clinical practice [33, 34].”
Background
Implementation Strategies and the Uptake of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist in Low and Middle Income Countries
White, M. C., Peven, K., Clancy, O., Okonkwo, I., Bakolis, I., Russ, S., Leather, A. J. M., & Sevdalis, N. (2020) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000003944 · Cited by 56
Kreislaufstillstand unter besonderen Umständen
Lott, C., Truhlář, A., Alfonzo, A., Barelli, A., Salvado, V. G., Hinkelbein, J., Nolan, J. P., Paal, P., Perkins, G. D., Thies, K., et al. (2021) · Notfall + Rettungsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s10049-021-00891-z · Cited by 52
Suboptimal compliance with evidence-based guidelines in patients with traumatic brain injuries
Shafi, S., Barnes, S. A., Millar, D. A., Sobrino, J. A., Kudyakov, R., Berryman, C., Rayan, N., Dubiel, R., Coimbra, R. S. M., Magnotti, L. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2013.12.jns132151 · Cited by 51
A Human Factors Subsystems Approach to Trauma Care
Catchpole, K., Ley, E. J., Wiegmann, D., Blaha, J., Shouhed, D., Gangi, A., Blocker, R. C., Karl, R. C., Karl, C., Taggart, B., et al. (2014) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.1208 · Cited by 50
The Effect of Simulation-Based Crew Resource Management Training on Measurable Teamwork and Communication Among Interprofessional Teams Caring for Postoperative Patients
Paull, D. E., DeLeeuw, L. D., Wolk, S. W., Paige, J. T., Neily, J. B., & Mills, P. D. (2013) · The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing · doi:10.3928/00220124-20130903-38 · Cited by 51
Making a Difference Through Improving Teamwork in the Operating Room: A Systematic Review of the Evidence on What Works
Weller, J. M., & Boyd, M. (2014) · Current anesthesiology reports · doi:10.1007/s40140-014-0050-0 · Cited by 49
‘Not another safety culture survey’: using the Canadian patient safety climate survey (Can-PSCS) to measure provider perceptions of PSC across health settings
Ginsburg, L. R., Tregunno, D., Norton, P., Mitchell, J. I., & Howley, H. E. A. (2013) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002220 · Cited by 53
Improving team information sharing with a structured call-out in anaesthetic emergencies: a randomized controlled trial
Weller, J. M., Torrie, J., Boyd, M. L., Frengley, R., Garden, A. L., Ng, W. L., & Frampton, C. M. (2014) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet579 · Cited by 52
Implementation of a CKD Checklist for Primary Care Providers
Mendu, M. L., Schneider, L. I., Aizer, A. A., Singh, K., Leaf, D. E., Lee, T. H.-Y., & Waikar, S. S. (2014) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.01660214 · Cited by 51
When a checklist is not enough: How to improve them and what else is needed
Raman, J., Leveson, N. G., Samost, A., Dobrilovic, N., Oldham, M. C., Dekker, S. W. A., & Finkelstein, S. N. (2016) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.01.022 · Cited by 51
Developing a Checklist: Consensus Via a Modified Delphi Technique
Ogden, S. R., Culp, W. C., Villamaria, F. J., & Ball, T. R. (2016) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2016.02.022 · Cited by 53
Effective ingredients of verbal de‐escalation: validating an English modified version of the ‘De‐Escalating Aggressive Behaviour Scale’
Mavandadi, V., Bieling, P., & Madsen, V. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12310 · Cited by 51
Assessing the similarity of mental models of operating room team members and implications for patient safety: a prospective, replicated study
Nakarada‐Kordic, I., Weller, J. M., Webster, C. S., Cumin, D., FRAMPTON, C. M. A., Boyd, M., & Merry, A. (2016) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0752-8 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Improving Anesthesia Safety in Low-Resource Settings
Khan, F. A., & Merry, A. (2018) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000002728 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Using an animated patient avatar to improve perception of vital sign information by anaesthesia professionals
Tscholl, D. W., Handschin, L., Neubauer, P., Weiss, M., Seifert, B., Spahn, D. R., & Nöthiger, C. B. (2018) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.024 · Cited by 52
A Surgical Safety Checklist
Martin, I. C., Mason, M., & Findlay, G. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc090417 · Cited by 51
Quality of post-operative patient handover in the post-anaesthesia care unit: a prospective analysis: Post-operative patient handover in the PACU
MILBY, A., BÖHMER, A., GERBERSHAGEN, M. U., JOPPICH, R., & WAPPLER, F. (2014) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.12249 · Cited by 54
A Checklist to Improve Patient Safety in Interventional Radiology
Koetser, I. C. J., de Vries, E. N., van Delden, O. M., Smorenburg, S. M., Boermeester, M. A., & van Lienden, K. P. (2012) · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00270-012-0395-z · Cited by 50
“Recently, the World Health Organization has introduced a safety checklist in the operating room that reduces the rates of death and complications associated with surgery [11].”
Background
An exploration of the implementation of open disclosure of adverse events in the UK: a scoping review and qualitative exploration
Birks, Y. F., Harrison, R., Bosanquet, K., Hall, J., Harden, M., Entwistle, V. A., Watt, I. S., Walsh, P., Ronaldson, S. J., Roberts, D. J., et al. (2014) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr02200 · Cited by 53
“Although patient safety research has made progress since To Err is Human(16) and evidence of success is apparent, this largely falls in quite specific clinical areas such as decreasing catheter-related infections(227) or surgical checklists.(228) Shekelle et al.”
Background

Authors: Haynes, A. B., Weiser, T. G., Berry, W. R., Lipsitz, S. R., Breizat, A.-H. S., Dellinger, E. P., Herbosa, T., Joseph, S., Kibatala, P. L., Lapitan, M. C. M., Merry, A. F., Moorthy, K., Reznick, R. K., Taylor, B., & Gawande, A. A.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Ministry of Health (JO)
University of Washington (US)
University of the Philippines Manila (PH)
St. Stephen’s Hospital (IN)
St. Francis Referral Hospital (TZ)
University of Auckland (NZ)
National Health Service (GB)
University Health Network (CA)
ORCID: Haynes, Alex B.
Weiser, Thomas G.
Berry, William R.
Lipsitz, Stuart R.
Dellinger, E. Patchen
Lapitan, Marie Carmela M.
Merry, Alan F.
Moorthy, Krishna
Reznick, Richard K.
Gawande, Atul A.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2009-01-29
Volume: 360
Issue: 5
Pages: 491-499
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa0810119
OpenAlex: W2119472226
Cited by: 5,688
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 256 · 2025: 215 · 2024: 256 · 2023: 247 · 2022: 325 · 2021: 335 · 2020: 337 · 2019: 336 · 2018: 340 · 2017: 362 · 2016: 349 · 2015: 406 · 2014: 405 · 2013: 372 · 2012: 363
FWCI: 514.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical site infection prevention
Keywords: surgical safety checklist, surgical complications, postoperative mortality, non-cardiac surgery, team communication, patient safety, checklist implementation, global health care, in-hospital complications
MeSH terms: Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Safety Management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks