Cited by 1,484Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeHealthcare Policy and Management

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Monetary Costs of Dementia in the United States

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Hurd, Michael D., Martorell, Paco, Delavande, Adeline, Mullen, Kathleen J., Langa, Kenneth M.·2013·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmsa1204629PMC PMC3959992

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dementia affects a large and growing number of older adults in the United States. The monetary costs attributable to dementia are likely to be similarly large and to continue to increase. METHODS: In a subsample (856 persons) of the population in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative longitudinal study of older adults, the diagnosis of dementia was determined with the use of a detailed in-home cognitive assessment that was 3 to 4 hours in duration and a review by an expert panel. We then imputed cognitive status to the full HRS sample (10,903 persons, 31,936 person-years) on the basis of measures of cognitive and functional status available for all HRS respondents, thereby identifying persons in the larger sample with a high probability of dementia. The market costs associated with care for persons with dementia were determined on the basis of self-reported out-of-pocket spending and the utilization of nursing home care; Medicare claims data were used to identify costs paid by Medicare. Hours of informal (unpaid) care were valued either as the cost of equivalent formal (paid) care or as the estimated wages forgone by informal caregivers. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of dementia among persons older than 70 years of age in the United States in 2010 was 14.7%. The yearly monetary cost per person that was attributable to dementia was either $56,290 (95% confidence interval [CI], $42,746 to $69,834) or $41,689 (95% CI, $31,017 to $52,362), depending on the method used to value informal care. These individual costs suggest that the total monetary cost of dementia in 2010 was between $157 billion and $215 billion. Medicare paid approximately $11 billion of this cost. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia represents a substantial financial burden on society, one that is similar to the financial burden of heart disease and cancer. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging.).

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Authors: Hurd, M. D., Martorell, P., Delavande, A., Mullen, K. J., & Langa, K. M.
Affiliations: RAND Corporation (US)
University of Essex (GB)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Hurd, Michael D.
Delavande, Adeline
Mullen, Kathleen J.
Langa, Kenneth M.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2013-04-04
Volume: 368
Issue: 14
Pages: 1326-1334
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa1204629
PMC: PMC3959992
OpenAlex: W2032698104
Cited by: 1,484
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 140 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 133 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 50
FWCI: 99.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (U01 AG 09740, R01AG030155, U01AG009740)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
Keywords: dementia, economic burden of dementia, informal care, nursing home costs, Medicare spending, dementia prevalence, older adults, Health and Retirement Study
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Female, Medicare, Home Care Services, Home Nursing, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Homes, United States, Health Care Costs, Cost of Illness

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