The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics
Abstract
Electro‐osmosis tests are conducted on saturated kaolinite specimens loaded with Pb(II) to investigate the efficiency and energy requirements of the process in removing this heavy metal. Kaolinite specimens were loaded with 118 μg to 145 μg of Pb(II) per gram of dry soil, below the cation‐exchange capacity of the mineral. The test results pertaining to the flow and the associated electrochemistry (voltage, current, resistance, pH gradients, and conductivity) are presented. The flow in electro‐osmosis with open electrodes is time‐dependent, and it is strongly influenced by electrochemistry resulting from the pH gradients. The absorbed Pb(II) was removed 75‐95% by the process. The extent of removal is directly related to the pH gradients developed in the process. The total charge passed to remove Pb(II) varied between 1,400 and 2,000 amp‐hr per cubic meter of soil. The energy requirement for the removal of Pb(II) in these tests was less than 29 kWh‐60 kWh per cubic meter of soil processed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Electrokinetic soil remediation - critical overview
Virkutyte, J., Sillanpää, M., & Latostenmaa, P. (2002) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(01)01027-0 · Cited by 875
Removal of Contaminants from Soils by Electric Fields
Probstein, R. F., & Hicks, R. E. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.260.5107.498 · Cited by 522
Electroremediation of Contaminated Soils
Page, M. M., & Page, C. L. (2002) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2002)128:3(208 · Cited by 261
Electrokinetic process for removing Cu, Cr and As from CCA-treated wood
Sarahney, H., Wang, J., & Alshawabkeh, A. (2005) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/ees.2005.22.642 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamed, J., Acar, Y. B., & Gale, R. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
- Published
- 1991-02
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 241-271
- ISSN
- 0733-9410 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8368
- DOI
- 10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1991)117:2(241
- OpenAlex
- W2056588988
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1991)117:2(241
- The paper
- Hamed, J., Acar, Y. B., & Gale, R. J. (1991). Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1991)117%3A2(241
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
