The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Progress Made in Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization under NASA’s Exploration Technology and Development Program
Abstract
Incorporation of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and the production of mission-critical consumables for propulsion, power, and life support into mission architectures can greatly reduce the mass, cost, and risk of missions, leading to a sustainable and affordable approach to human exploration beyond Earth. ISRU and its products can also greatly affect how other exploration systems are developed, including determining which technologies are important or enabling. Although the concept of lunar ISRU has existed for more than 40 years, the technologies and systems had not progressed much past simple laboratory proof-of-concept tests. With the release of the Vision for Space Exploration in 2004 with the goal of harnessing the Moon’s resources, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated the ISRU project in the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) to develop the technologies and systems needed to meet this goal. In the 5 years of work in the ISRU Project, significant advancements and accomplishments occurred in several important areas of lunar ISRU. Also, two analog field tests held in Hawaii in 2008 and 2010 demonstrated all the steps in ISRU capabilities required, along with the integration of ISRU products and hardware with propulsion, power, and cryogenic storage systems. This paper will review the scope of the ISRU Project in the ETDP, ISRU incorporation, development strategies used by the ISRU project, and ISRU development and test accomplishments over the 5 years of funded project activity.
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In the citing paper
“During feedstock preparation, its fine particle size, abrasiveness, and electrostatic behavior can affect beneficiation, pelleting, and sintering, influencing handling and consolidation.”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
In the citing paper
“each method has achieved meaningful progress through laboratory or analog testing”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson (2013)
In the citing paper
“Lunar dust poses risks to both system operation and preprocessing of thermal, mechanical and electrochemical systems.”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
In the citing paper
“Due to communication delays, reliance on Earth-based teleoperation is inefficient.”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
In the citing paper
“Limited human intervention will likely occur only during crewed surface campaigns, with most operations running robotically during uncrewed phases (Sanders and Larson 2013;NAS 2022).”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
In the citing paper
“ISRU pathways that minimize exotic materials are more logistically viable, suggesting early systems will rely heavily on imported components until in-situ ceramic processing becomes feasible (Sanders and Larson 2013;Yu et al. 2025;Chen et al. 2000).”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
In the citing paper
“several critical gaps must be addressed before these systems can operate reliably and continuously on the lunar surface Sanders and Larson (2013).”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson (2013)
In the citing paper
“Dust infiltration can erode seals, contaminate electrodes, and reduce optical efficiency in concentratorbased heating.”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
In the citing paper
“Given the 14-day lunar night, reactors may remain dormant for extended periods; dust-resistant covers or hibernation protocols will be critical to protect equipment during these off-cycles (Crawford 2015;Sanders and Larson 2013).”
From A review and analysis of extraction methods for aluminum and oxygen from Lunar Regolith (2026) · cites this paper as Sanders and Larson 2013
Citations
Cites
Integration of In-Situ Resource Utilization into lunar/Mars exploration through field analogs
Sanders, G. B., & Larson, W. E. (2010) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.08.020 · Cited by 106
Self-citationThe use of tribocharging in the electrostatic beneficiation of lunar simulant
Trigwell, S., Captain, J. G., Arens, E. E., Quinn, J. W., & Calle, C. I. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2009.2018976 · Cited by 40
Lightweight Bulldozer Attachment for Construction and Excavation on the Lunar Surface
Mueller, R. P., Schuler, J. M., Nick, A. J., Wilkinson, A., Gallo, C. A., & King, R. H. (2009) · AIAA SPACE Conference & Exposition · doi:10.2514/6.2009-6466 · Cited by 25
Lunar Regolith Simulant Feed System for a Hydrogen Reduction Reactor System
Mueller, R. P., & Townsend, I. I. (2009) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2009-1658 · Cited by 17
Development of a Reactor for the Extraction of Oxygen and Volatiles from Lunar Regolith
Kleinhenz, J., Yuan, Z.-G., Sacksteder, K., & Caruso, J. (2009) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2009-1203 · Cited by 15
2010 Field Demonstration of the Solar Carbothermal Regolith Reduction Process to Produce Oxygen
Gustafson, R., White, B. C., & Fidler, M. (2011) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2011-434 · Cited by 14
Solar Thermal System for Lunar ISRU Applications: Development and Field Operation at Mauna Kea, HI
Nakamura, T., & Smith, B. (2011) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2011-433 · Cited by 12
Development and Testing Of An Autonomous Regolith Excavation and Delivery System
Boucher, D. S., Atwell, T., Theiss, R., Armstrong, R., & Benigni, S. (2011) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2011-431 · Cited by 9
Lunar Water Resource Demonstration
Muscatello, A. C., Captain, J., Ihlefeld, C., Larson, W., Lueck, D., Moss, T., Nurge, M., Parr, J., Quinn, J., Gibson, T., et al. (2009) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2009-1202 · Cited by 9
Self-citationResolve: Ground Truth for Polar Volatiles as a Resource
Larson, W. E., Picard, M., Colaprete, A., Sanders, G. B., & Elphic, R. C. (2013) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · Cited by 4
Self-citationFuel Cell Integration to a Mobility Platform
Richard, J., Gopal, R., Boucher, D. S., & Theiss, R. (2011) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2011-432 · Cited by 4
Experimental Testing and Modeling of a Pneumatic Regolith Delivery System for ISRU
Santiago-Maldonado, E., Dominquez, J. A., & Mantovani, J. G. (2011) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · Cited by 2
Gallo, C. A., Agui, J. H., Creager, C., & Oravec, H. A. (2012) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.2012-805 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Clark L, 2009, Precursor in-situ lunar oxygen testbed (PILOT) Hawaii Field Testing Nov 2008., AIAA Space 2009
- Stoeser D., 2010, Design and specifications for the highland regolith prototype simulants NU-LHT-1M and -2M., Rep. TM-2010-216438
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Extraterrestrial construction materials
Naser, M. Z. (2019) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100577 · Cited by 202
Lomax, B. A., Conti, M., Khan, N., Bennett, N. S., Ganin, A. Y., & Symes, M. D. (2020) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.104748 · Cited by 161
The environmental impact of emissions from space launches: A comprehensive review
Dallas, J. A., Raval, S., Alvarez–Gaitan, J. P., Saydam, S., & Dempster, A. G. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120209 · Cited by 155
Review of techniques for In-Situ oxygen extraction on the moon
Schlüter, L., & Cowley, A. (2020) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.104753 · Cited by 138
Overview of the Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization Techniques for Future Lunar Missions
Zhang, P., Dai, W., Niu, R., Zhang, G. C., Liu, G., Liu, X., Zheng, B. R., Wang, Z., Zheng, H., Liu, C., et al. (2023) · Space Science & Technology · doi:10.34133/space.0037 · Cited by 145
Metadata
- Authors
- Sanders, G. B., & Larson, W. E.
- Affiliations
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Kennedy Space Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sanders, Gerald B.
- Venue
- Journal of Aerospace Engineering
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-17
- ISSN
- 0893-1321 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-5525
- OpenAlex
- W3186299794
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Aerospace Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Keywords
- lunar in-situ resource utilization, lunar propellant production, cryogenic storage, human lunar exploration, Vision for Space Exploration, technology development strategy
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