A gender lens into sanitation technology innovation.
Open accessAbstract
Innovators in the water and sanitation sector are focused on closing the sanitation gap in developing countries through innovation in technologies that enable waste treatment onsite. To ensure universal access, these technologies need to meet the practices and preferences of different genders. This paper uses an online survey and follow-up telephone interviews with technology developers and examined the different technology development processes through a gender lens. The paper also explores the influence of the composition of the research and development teams on gender considerations in the project because the water and sanitation technology world is often male-dominated. The majority of the teams incorporated gender considerations, although with limited depth. Teams designing user interfaces and toilet cabin stalls were most likely to integrate gender. Waste-processing technologies are often assumed to be neutral, not requiring gender considerations. Technology development teams were predominately male, although with some female representation; a few have female leaders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Formal positions include leadership on water and sanitation committees; leadership or management of WASH businesses, value chain companies, and organizations; leading community-level projects; and fundraising for and monitoring community-based water and sanitation initiatives.
“Formal positions include leadership on water and sanitation committees; leadership or management of WASH businesses, value chain companies, and organizations; leading community-level projects; and fundraising for and monitoring community-based water and sanitation initiatives [59, 66, 83, 85, 89, 93, 112, 120, 126, 133, 139, 149, 154].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [133]
Women expended great amounts of time meeting sanitation needs and fulfilling sanitation-related responsibilities, including long walks to sanitation sites when lacking private home toilets, waiting in long toilet queues, going for sanitation in early morning or late at night to avoid queues or ensure privacy, or open defecating rather than walking to and queuing at latrines.
“Women expended great amounts of time meeting sanitation needs and fulfilling sanitationrelated responsibilities [64, 66, 121, 122, 125, 127, 128, 132, 133, 135, 138, 141, 168, 173, 174, 182, 184, 185, 187, 189,190,195,219,226,228,236,239,240,248,250,256,265].Women in India, [125,195] Kenya, [256] and South Africa [265] reported long walks to sanitation sites when they lacked private home toilets,”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [133]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 10 · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- J. Manage. Eng. J. Manage. Eng., 2020, 36(4): 06020002 . Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. AusAid. 2005. Gender guidelines: Water supply and sanitation: Supple- ment to the guide to gender and development. Canberra, Australia: Australian Agency for International Development.
- J. Manage. Eng. J. Manage. Eng., 2020, 36(4): 06020002 . Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.
- Authors
- Elledge, M., Parker, A., Toolaram, A., & Stoner, B.
- Affiliations
- Biomass Controls (US)
- Cranfield University (GB)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parker, Alison
- Venue
- Journal of Management in Engineering
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0742-597X (ISSN-L)
- 1943-5479
- OpenAlex
- W3014507013
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Management in Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- CERES (Cranfield University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Education › Gender, Education, and Development Issues
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
- Keywords
- gender considerations, sanitation technology, gender-sensitive design, R&D teams, male-dominated industries, universal access to sanitation, technology development process, user interface design, waste treatment technologies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
