Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 629

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Improved fiber-optic interferometer for atomic force microscopy

Rugar, D., Mamin, H. J., Guethner, P.·1989·Applied Physics Letters

Abstract

A high-sensitivity fiber-optic displacement sensor for atomic force microscopy is described. The sensor is based on the optical interference occurring in the micron-sized cavity formed between the cleaved end of a single-mode optical fiber and the microscope cantilever. As a result of using a diode laser light source and all-fiber construction, the sensor is compact, mechanically robust, and exhibits good low-frequency noise behavior. Peak-to-peak noise in a dc to 1 kHz bandwidth is less than 0.1 Å. Images are presented demonstrating atomic resolution of graphite and magnetic force imaging of bits written on a magnetic disk.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1063/1.101987

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 629

Metadata

Authors
Rugar, D., Mamin, H. J., & Guethner, P.
Venue
Applied Physics Letters
Published
1989-12-18
Volume
55
Issue
25
Pages
2588-2590
ISSN
  • 0003-6951 (ISSN-L)
  • 1077-3118
OpenAlex
W2011109350
Cited by
629
References
0
FWCI
8.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Improved fiber-optic interferometer for atomic force microscopy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1063/1.101987
The paper
Rugar, D., Mamin, H. J., & Guethner, P. (1989). Improved fiber-optic interferometer for atomic force microscopy. Applied Physics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.101987

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.