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Cathode dependence of the open-circuit voltage of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells
Open accessAbstract
The open-circuit voltage (VOC) of bulk-heterojunction solar cells based on [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron acceptor and poly[2-methoxy-5(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (OC1C10-PPV) as an electron donor has been investigated. In contrast to the present understanding, it is now demonstrated that for non-ohmic contacts the experimental VOC is determined by the work function difference of the electrodes. A total variation of more than 0.5 V of the VOC was observed by variation of the negative electrode (cathode) work function. For ohmic contacts the VOC is governed by the LUMO and HOMO levels of the acceptor and donor, respectively, which pin the Fermi levels of the cathode and anode. The band bending created by accumulated charges at an ohmic contact produce a considerable loss in VOC of 0.2 V at room temperature. The experimentally observed voltage loss in VOC of 0.38 V due to the presence of ohmic contacts at both interfaces strongly limits the maximum open-circuit voltage of OC1C10-PPV/PCBM solar cells.
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Cited by
Mihailetchi, V. D., Xie, H. X., de Boer, B., Koster, L. J. A., & Blom, P. W. M. (2006) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200500420 · Cited by 1,283
Self-citationPolymer Solar Cells That Use Self‐Assembled‐Monolayer‐ Modified ZnO/Metals as Cathodes
Yip, H., Hau, S. K., Baek, N. S., Ma, H., & Jen, A. K. ‐. (2008) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200703050 · Cited by 561
Vandewal, K., Gadisa, A., Oosterbaan, W. D., Bertho, S., Banishoeib, F., Van Severen, I., Lutsen, L., Cleij, T. J., Vanderzande, D., & Manca, J. V. (2008) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200800056 · Cited by 549
Mihailetchi, V. D., Koster, L. J. A., Blom, P. W. M., Melzer, C., de Boer, B., van Duren, J. K. J., & Janssen, R. A. J. (2005) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200400345 · Cited by 396
Self-citationPark, H., Brown, P. R., Bulović, V., & Kong, J. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl2029859 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Mihailetchi, V. D., Blom, P. W. M., Hummelen, J. C., & Rispens, M. T.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2003-11-15
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 6849-6854
- ISSN
- 0021-8979 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7550
- OpenAlex
- W2019310480
- Cited by
- 812
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 23.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Mihailetchi, V. D., Blom, P. W. M., Hummelen, J. C., & Rispens, M. T. (2003). Cathode dependence of the open-circuit voltage of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Journal of Applied Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1620683
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