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Direct Measurements of the Surface Energies of Crystals
Abstract
By means of quantitative cleavage experiments, the surface energies of several simple crystals have been measured at −196°C. The crystals and their cleavage planes are: LiF (100), MgO (100), CaF2 (111), BaF2 (111), CaCO3 (1010), Si (111), and Zn (0001). Measured values of their respective surface energies (ergs/cm2) are: 340, 1200, 450, 280, 230, 1240, and 105. The measured values for LiF and MgO are in good agreement with simple ionic lattice theory. Values for the other crystals seem consistent with their binding energies. Under irreversible conditions an effective surface energy is measured. This quantity increases rapidly with increasing temperature for the metallic crystals, Zn and Fe (3% Si). The increase correlates with increasing plastic flow in these crystals. In contrast, the effective surface energy of LiF and MgO is only moderately dependent on temperature. A small amount of cadmium (0.1 at.%) markedly increases the cleavage surface energy of zinc.
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Cited by
Materials become insensitive to flaws at nanoscale: Lessons from nature
Gao, H., Ji, B., Jäger, I. L., Arzt, E., & Fratzl, P. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0631609100 · Cited by 1,922
Influence of Water Vapor on Crack Propagation in Soda‐Lime Glass
WIEDERHORN, S. M. (1967) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1967.tb15145.x · Cited by 1,123
Steps on surfaces: experiment and theory
Jeong, H.-C., & Williams, E. D. (1999) · Surface Science Reports · doi:10.1016/s0167-5729(98)00010-7 · Cited by 722
Radha, A. V., & Navrotsky, A. (2013) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2013.77.3 · Cited by 70
Monasterio-Guillot, L., Fernandez-Martinez, A., Ruiz-Agudo, E., & Rodriguez-Navarro, C. (2021) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.02.016 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Gilman, J. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 1960-12-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2208-2218
- ISSN
- 0021-8979 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7550
- OpenAlex
- W2010784362
- Cited by
- 837
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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