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Cited by 26Force Microscopy Techniques and ApplicationsPhase Equilibria and ThermodynamicsAdvanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies

A high-pressure atomic force microscope for imaging in supercritical carbon dioxide

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Lea, A. S., Higgins, S. R., Knauss, K. G., Rosso, K. M.·2011·Review of Scientific Instruments
DOI 10.1063/1.3580603
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Abstract

A high-pressure atomic force microscope (AFM) that enables in situ, atomic scale measurements of topography of solid surfaces in contact with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) fluids has been developed. This apparatus overcomes the pressure limitations of the hydrothermal AFM and is designed to handle pressures up to 100 atm at temperatures up to ∼350 K. A standard optically-based cantilever deflection detection system was chosen. When imaging in compressible supercritical fluids such as scCO2, precise control of pressure and temperature in the fluid cell is the primary technical challenge. Noise levels and imaging resolution depend on minimization of fluid density fluctuations that change the fluid refractive index and hence the laser path. We demonstrate with our apparatus in situ atomic scale imaging of a calcite (CaCO3) mineral surface in scCO2; both single, monatomic steps and dynamic processes occurring on the (${\rm 10\bar 14}$101¯4) surface are presented. This new AFM provides unprecedented in situ access to interfacial phenomena at solid–fluid interfaces under pressure.

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Authors
Lea, A. S., Higgins, S. R., Knauss, K. G., & Rosso, K. M.
Affiliations
  • Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory 1 , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
  • Wright State University (US)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
ORCID
Venue
Review of Scientific Instruments
Publisher
AIP Publishing
Published
2011-04-01
Volume
82
Issue
4
Pages
043709-043709
ISSN
  • 0034-6748 (ISSN-L)
  • 1089-7623
DOI
10.1063/1.3580603
OpenAlex
W1970738294
Semantic Scholar
d273c5c0c8c0752ee7cb13eaa8634d9826bffe2c
Cited by
26
References
28
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Review of Scientific Instruments (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Energy
  • Biological and Environmental Research
  • Laboratory Directed Research and Development
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
Keywords
supercritical carbon dioxide, fluid-solid interface, calcite surface, monatomic steps, refractive index, temperature and pressure control, interfacial phenomena

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