A liquid flatjet system for solution phase soft-x-ray spectroscopy
Open accessAbstract
We present a liquid flatjet system for solution phase soft-x-ray spectroscopy. The flatjet set-up utilises the phenomenon of formation of stable liquid sheets upon collision of two identical laminar jets. Colliding the two single water jets, coming out of the nozzles with 50 μm orifices, under an impact angle of 48° leads to double sheet formation, of which the first sheet is 4.6 mm long and 1.0 mm wide. The liquid flatjet operates fully functional under vacuum conditions (<10−3 mbar), allowing soft-x-ray spectroscopy of aqueous solutions in transmission mode. We analyse the liquid water flatjet thickness under atmospheric pressure using interferomeric or mid-infrared transmission measurements and under vacuum conditions by measuring the absorbance of the O K-edge of water in transmission, and comparing our results with previously published data obtained with standing cells with Si3N4 membrane windows. The thickness of the first liquid sheet is found to vary between 1.4–3 μm, depending on the transverse and longitudinal position in the liquid sheet. We observe that the derived thickness is of similar magnitude under 1 bar and under vacuum conditions. A catcher unit facilitates the recycling of the solutions, allowing measurements on small sample volumes (∼10 ml). We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by presenting measurements on the N K-edge of aqueous NH4+. Our results suggest the high potential of using liquid flatjets in steady-state and time-resolved studies in the soft-x-ray regime.
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A crucial development towards this goal is the recent invention of a flat microjet that enables generation of thin liquid sheets with thicknesses below 1 μm.
“A crucial development towards this goal is the recent invention of a flat microjet that enables the generation of thin 'liquid sheets' with thicknesses below 1 μm [207].”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [207]
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- Authors
- Ekimova, M., Quevedo, W., Faubel, M., Wernet, P., & Nibbering, E. T. J.
- Affiliations
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (DE)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (DE)
- Venue
- Structural Dynamics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2015-08-18
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 054301-054301
- ISSN
- 2329-7778 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4711648
- OpenAlex
- W1443963143
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 8.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Structural Dynamics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- HZB Repository (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- RENATE (cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- soft x-ray spectroscopy, solution-phase spectroscopy, water jet, vacuum environment, N K-edge, ammonium, aqueous solutions, solution recycling, time-resolved spectroscopy
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