Towards shot-noise limited diffraction experiments with table-top femtosecond hard x-ray sources
Open accessAbstract
Table-top laser-driven hard x-ray sources with kilohertz repetition rates are an attractive alternative to large-scale accelerator-based systems and have found widespread applications in x-ray studies of ultrafast structural dynamics. Hard x-ray pulses of 100 fs duration have been generated at the Cu Kα wavelength with a photon flux of up to 109 photons per pulse into the full solid angle, perfectly synchronized to the sub-100-fs optical pulses from the driving laser system. Based on spontaneous x-ray emission, such sources display a particular noise behavior which impacts the sensitivity of x-ray diffraction experiments. We present a detailed analysis of the photon statistics and temporal fluctuations of the x-ray flux, together with experimental strategies to optimize the sensitivity of optical pump/x-ray probe experiments. We demonstrate measurements close to the shot-noise limit of the x-ray source.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Photon statistics and coincidence detection such as Hanbury-Brown-Twiss measurements detect higher-order light intensity correlations.
“Photon statistics [53] and coincidence detection such as Hanbury-Brown-Twiss measurements detect higher-order light intensity correlations.”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Not-so-resonant, resonant absorption
Brunel, F. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.52 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Chemical Applications of X-ray Charge-Density Analysis
Koritsanszky, T. S., & Coppens, P. (2001) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr990112c · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Femtosecond X-ray measurement of coherent lattice vibrations near the Lindemann stability limit
Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Blome, C., Blūms, J., Cavalleri, A., Dietrich, C., Tarasevitch, A. P., Uschmann, I., Förster, E., Kammler, M., Horn-von-Hoegen, M., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01490 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Picosecond–milliångström lattice dynamics measured by ultrafast X-ray diffraction
Rose-Petruck, C. G., Jimenez, R., Guo, T., Cavalleri, A., Siders, C. W., Rksi, F., Squier, J. A., Walker, B. C., Wilson, K. R., & Barty, C. P. J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18631 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5
Mankowsky, R., Subedi, A., Först, M., Mariager, S. O., Chollet, M., Lemke, H. T., Robinson, J. S., Glownia, J. M., Minitti, M. P., Frañó, A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13875 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Modern Charge-Density Analysis
Overgaard, J., Grin, Y., Takata, M., & Iversen, B. B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3836-4 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Ultrafast Bond Softening in Bismuth: Mapping a Solid's Interatomic Potential with X-rays
Fritz, D., Reis, D. A., Adams, B. W., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135009 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
MeV x-ray generation with a femtosecond laser
Kmetec, J. D., Gordon, C. L., III, Macklin, J. J., et al. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.68.1527 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
A time-dependent order parameter for ultrafast photoinduced phase transitions
Beaud, P., Caviezel, A., Mariager, S. O., Rettig, L., Ingold, G., Dornes, C., Huang, S., Johnson, J. A., Radovic, M., Huber, T., et al. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4046 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Coherent Atomic Motions in a Nanostructure Studied by Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction
Bargheer, M., Zhavoronkov, N., Gritsai, Y. V., Woo, J. C., Kim, D. S., Woerner, M., & Elsaesser, T. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104739 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationFemtosecond x-ray crystallography
Rousse, A., Rischel, C., & Gauthier, J. C. (2001) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.73.17 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
High-brightness table-top hard X-ray source driven by sub-100-femtosecond mid-infrared pulses
Weisshaupt, J., Juvé, V., Holtz, M., Ku, S., Woerner, M., Elsaesser, T., Ališauskas, S., Pugžlys, A., & Baltuška, A. (2014) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.256 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationFemtosecond hard X-ray plasma sources with a kilohertz repetition rate
Zamponi, F., Ansari, Z., Schmising, C. V. K., Rothhardt, P., Zhavoronkov, N., Woerner, M., Elsaesser, T., Bargheer, M., Trobitzsch-Ryll, T., & Haschke, M. (2009) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/s00339-009-5171-9 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrashort 1-kHz laser plasma hard x-ray source
Korn, G., Thoß, A. F., Stiel, H., Vogt, U., Richardson, M. C., Elsaesser, T., & Faubel, M. (2002) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.27.000866 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrofocus Cu K_? source for femtosecond x-ray science
Zhavoronkov, N., Gritsai, Y. V., Bargheer, M., Woerner, M., Elsaesser, T., Zamponi, F., Uschmann, I., & Forster, E. (2005) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.30.001737 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationLaulhé, C., Huber, T., Lantz, G., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.247401 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Perspective: Structural dynamics in condensed matter mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction
Elsaesser, T., & Woerner, M. (2014) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4855115 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-average-power 2-kHz laser for generation of ultrashort x-ray pulses
Jiang, Y., Lee, T., Li, W., Ketwaroo, G., & Rose-Petruck, C. G. (2002) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.27.000963 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Femtosecond powder diffraction with a laser-driven hard X-ray source
Zamponi, F., Ansari, Z., Woerner, M., et al. (2010) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.18.000947 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrafast large-amplitude relocation of electronic charge in ionic crystals
Zamponi, F., Rothhardt, P., Stingl, J., Woerner, M., & Elsaesser, T. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1108206109 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationvon Grafenstein, L., Bock, M., Ueberschaer, D., Griebner, U., & Elsaesser, T. (2016) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.41.004668 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationNormalization schemes for ultrafast x-ray diffraction using a table-top laser-driven plasma source
Schick, D., Bojahr, A., Herzog, M., et al. (2012) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3681254 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Non-equilibrium phonon dynamics studied by grazing-incidence femtosecond X-ray crystallography
Johnson, S. L., Beaud, P., Vorobeva, E., et al. (2010) · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0108767309053859 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kossel diffraction in perfect crystals: X-ray standing waves in reverse
Gog, T., Bahr, D. F., & Materlik, G. (1995) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.51.6761 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hutton, J. T., Trammell, G. T., & Hannon, J. P. (1985) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.31.743 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Strain propagation in nanolayered perovskites probed by ultrafast x-ray diffraction
Schmising, C. V. K., Bargheer, M., Kiel, M., et al. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.212202 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Weißhaupt, J., Juvé, V., Holtz, M., Woerner, M., & Elsaesser, T. (2015) · Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1063/1.4915485 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationShift-current-induced strain waves in LiNbO3 mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction
Holtz, M., Hauf, C., Salvador, A.-A. H., Costard, R., Woerner, M., & Elsaesser, T. (2016) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.94.104302 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe rotating-crystal method in femtosecond X-ray diffraction
Freyer, B., Stingl, J., Zamponi, F., et al. (2011) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.19.015506 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Note: A novel normalization scheme for laser-based plasma x-ray sources
Zhang, B., Sun, S. S., Sun, D., et al. (2014) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4896252 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Höfer, S., Kämpfer, T., Forster, E., et al. (2016) · Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1063/1.4963011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhavoronkov, N., Bargheer, M., Gritsai, Y. V., et al. (2005) · Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference · doi:10.1109/qels.2005.1549205 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [23]R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2000), Chap. 5.
- [28]W. Lu, PhD thesis, dissertation (University Duisburg Essen, 2013).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics
Young, L., Ueda, K., Gühr, M., Bucksbaum, P. H., Simon, M., Mukamel, S., Rohringer, N., Prince, K. C., Masciovecchio, C., Meyer, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa9735 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
- Authors
- Holtz, M., Hauf, C., Weisshaupt, J., Salvador, A.-A. H., Woerner, M., & Elsaesser, T.
- Affiliations
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (DE)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Venue
- Structural Dynamics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2017-07-19
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 054304-054304
- ISSN
- 2329-7778 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5517321
- OpenAlex
- W2737360065
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Structural Dynamics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RENATE (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WO 558/13-2)
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Keywords
- shot-noise limit, table-top X-ray source, laser-driven X-ray sources, photon statistics, Cu Kα, kilohertz repetition rate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
