CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 324Advanced Photonic Communication SystemsPlasmonic and Surface Plasmon ResearchTerahertz technology and applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

500 GHz plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator enabling sub-THz microwave photonics

Open access
Burla, Maurizio, Hoessbacher, Claudia, Heni, Wolfgang, Haffner, Christian, Fedoryshyn, Yuriy, Werner, Dominik, Watanabe, Tatsuhiko, Massler, Hermann, Elder, Delwin L., Dalton, Larry R., Leuthold, Juerg·2019·APL Photonics
DOI 10.1063/1.5086868
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Broadband electro-optic intensity modulators are essential to convert electrical signals to the optical domain. The growing interest in terahertz wireless applications demands modulators with frequency responses to the sub-terahertz range, high power handling, and very low nonlinear distortions, simultaneously. However, a modulator with all those characteristics has not been demonstrated to date. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that plasmonic modulators do not trade-off any performance parameter, featuring—at the same time—a short length of tens of micrometers, record-high flat frequency response beyond 500 GHz, high power handling, and high linearity, and we use them to create a sub-terahertz radio-over-fiber analog optical link. These devices have the potential to become a new tool in the general field of microwave photonics, making the sub-terahertz range accessible to, e.g., 5G wireless communications, antenna remoting, Internet of Things, sensing, and more.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1063/1.5086868

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Polymer silicon-organic-hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic-hybrid (POH) require poling and hermetic sealing, creating significant challenges to making stable devices.

    “Polymer silicon-organic-hybrid (SOH)67,72 and plasmonic-organic-hybrid (POH)69 require poling and hermetic sealing, creating significant challenges to making stable devices.”

    From Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics (2024) · cites this paper as [69]

  • The most pure electro-optic modulation relies on the Pockels effect, which provides an intrinsically very high E/O BW, even exceeding 100 GHz.

    “The most ‘pure’ electro-optic modulation relies on the Pockels effect, which provides an intrinsically very high E/O BW, even exceeding 100 GHz57,67–70”

    From Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics (2024) · cites this paper as [69]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 49

  1. 2015, TeraHertz photonics for wireless communications, J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 579, 10.1109/jlt.2014.2355137 · DOI
  2. 2010, Review of terahertz and subterahertz wireless communications, J. Appl. Phys., 107, 111101, 10.1063/1.3386413 · DOI
  3. 2011, Present and future of terahertz communications, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol., 1, 256, 10.1109/tthz.2011.2159552 · DOI
  4. 2013, Terahertz wireless communications based on photonics technologies, Opt. Express, 21, 23736, 10.1364/oe.21.023736 · DOI
  5. 2018, 0.4 THz photonic-wireless link with 106 Gb/s single channel bitrate, J. Lightwave Technol., 36, 610, 10.1109/jlt.2017.2776320 · DOI
  6. 2019, Planar 0.05–1.1 THz laminate-based transition designs for integrating high-frequency photodiodes with rectangular waveguides, J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 1037, 10.1109/jlt.2018.2885647 · DOI
  7. 2015, Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna, Nano Lett., 15, 8342, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04025 · DOI
  8. 2014, Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator, J. Lightwave Technol., 32, 3774, 10.1109/jlt.2014.2319152 · DOI
  9. 2018, Microwave plasmonic mixer in a transparent fibre–wireless link, Nat. Photonics, 12, 749, 10.1038/s41566-018-0281-6 · DOI
  10. 2006, Analog Optical Links: Theory and Practice
  11. 2016, A fully reconfigurable photonic integrated signal processor, Nat. Photonics, 10, 190, 10.1038/nphoton.2015.281 · DOI
  12. 2014, A fully photonics-based coherent radar system, Nature, 507, 341, 10.1038/nature13078 · DOI
  13. 2013, Optimized gallium arsenide modulators for advanced modulation formats, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 19, 138, 10.1109/jstqe.2013.2266321 · DOI
  14. 2016, Highly linear heterogeneous-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators on Si, Opt. Express, 24, 19040, 10.1364/oe.24.019040 · DOI
  15. 2018, Bonded thin film lithium niobate modulator on a silicon photonics platform exceeding 100 GHz 3-dB electrical modulation bandwidth, Opt. Express, 26, 23728, 10.1364/oe.26.023728 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 2018, Thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator with terahertz operating bandwidth, Opt. Express, 26, 14810, 10.1364/oe.26.014810 · DOI
  17. 2019, Integrated microwave photonics, Nat. Photonics, 13, 80, 10.1038/s41566-018-0310-5 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 2018, Low-loss plasmon-assisted electro-optic modulator, Nature, 556, 483, 10.1038/s41586-018-0031-4 · DOI
  19. 2017, Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ, Opt. Express, 25, 1762, 10.1364/oe.25.001762 · DOI
  20. 2015, All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale, Nat. Photonics, 9, 525, 10.1038/nphoton.2015.127 · DOI
  21. 2018, Three-dimensional phase modulator at telecom wavelength acting as a terahertz detector with an electro-optic bandwidth of 1.25 terahertz, ACS Photonics, 5, 1398, 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01407 · DOI
  22. 2004, Surface plasmon polariton based modulators and switches operating at telecom wavelengths, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 5833, 10.1063/1.1835997 · DOI
  23. 2007, The promise of plasmonics, Sci. Am., 296, 56, 10.1038/scientificamerican0407-56 · DOI
  24. 2009, Compact, high-speed and power-efficient electrooptic plasmonic modulators, Nano Lett., 9, 4403, 10.1021/nl902701b · DOI
  25. 2017, Silicon–organic and plasmonic–organic hybrid photonics, ACS Photonics, 4, 1576, 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00224 · DOI
  26. 2017, Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design, Opt. Express, 25, 2627, 10.1364/oe.25.002627 · DOI
  27. 2017, Effect of rigid bridge-protection units, quadrupolar interactions, and blending in organic electro-optic chromophores, Chem. Mater., 29, 6457, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02020 · DOI
  28. 2003, Nonlinear Optics
  29. 2016, Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—Scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale, Proc. IEEE, 104, 2362, 10.1109/jproc.2016.2547990 · DOI
  30. 2017, Plasmonic Switches and Modulators for Optical Communications
  31. 2016, 108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with >70-GHz electrical bandwidth, J. Lightwave Technol., 34, 393, 10.1109/jlt.2015.2487560 · DOI
  32. 2017, Harnessing nonlinearities near material absorption resonances for reducing losses in plasmonic modulators, Opt. Mater. Express, 7, 2168, 10.1364/ome.7.002168 · DOI
  33. 2009, Broadband high-efficiency surface-plasmon-polariton coupler with silicon-metal interface, Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, 013504, 10.1063/1.3168653 · DOI
  34. 2011, 42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology, Opt. Express, 19, 11841, 10.1364/oe.19.011841 · DOI
  35. 2001, RF fiber-optic link performance, IEEE Microwave Mag., 2, 50, 10.1109/6668.969935 · DOI
  36. 2006, Wideband (0.045–6.25 GHz) 40 km analogue fibre-optic link with ultra-high (>40 dB) all-photonic gain, Electron. Lett., 42, 552, 10.1049/el:20060166 · DOI
  37. 2013, Integrated microwave photonics, Laser Photonics Rev., 7, 506, 10.1002/lpor.201200032 · DOI
  38. 2015, RF engineering meets optoelectronics: Progress in integrated microwave photonics, IEEE Microwave Mag., 16, 28, 10.1109/mmm.2015.2442932 · DOI
  39. 2016, Wideband dynamic microwave frequency identification system using a low-power ultracompact silicon photonic chip, Nat. Commun., 7, 13004, 10.1038/ncomms13004 · DOI
  40. 2016, The programmable processor, Nat. Photonics, 10, 6, 10.1038/nphoton.2015.254 · DOI
  41. 2013, Photonics-based microwave frequency measurement using a double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation and an In P integrated ring-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer filter, Opt. Lett., 38, 4316, 10.1364/ol.38.004316 · DOI
  42. 2013, Si3N4 ring resonator-based microwave photonic notch filter with an ultrahigh peak rejection, Opt. Express, 21, 23286, 10.1364/oe.21.023286 · DOI
  43. 2015, Programmable photonic signal processor chip for radiofrequency applications, Optica, 2, 854, 10.1364/optica.2.000854 · DOI
  44. 2017, Multipurpose silicon photonics signal processor core, Nat. Commun., 8, 636, 10.1038/s41467-017-00714-1 · DOI
  45. 2016, A monolithic integrated photonic microwave filter, Nat. Photonics, 11, 124, 10.1038/nphoton.2016.233 · DOI
  46. 2010, Novel ring resonator-based integrated photonic beamformer for broadband phased array receive antennas—Part I: Design and performance analysis, J. Lightwave Technol., 28, 3, 10.1109/jlt.2009.2029705 · DOI
  47. 2009, Microwave Engineering
  48. 2018, Design considerations for a 100 Gbit/s SiGe–BiCMOS power multiplexer with 2 Vpp differential voltage swing, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 53, 2479, 10.1109/jssc.2018.2837054 · DOI
  49. 2009, High Dynamic Range Analog Photonic Links: Design and Implementation

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Burla, M., Hoessbacher, C., Heni, W., Haffner, C., Fedoryshyn, Y., Werner, D., Watanabe, T., Massler, H., Elder, D. L., Dalton, L. R., & Leuthold, J.
Affiliations
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (DE)
  • University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Burla, Maurizio
ORCID
Venue
APL Photonics
Publisher
AIP Publishing
Published
2019-05-01
Volume
4
Issue
5
ISSN
2378-0967 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1063/1.5086868
OpenAlex
W2907953576
Cited by
324
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 11
FWCI
11.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • APL Photonics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
  • Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
  • Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
  • ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
Funders
  • Swiss National Science Foundation (173996)
  • National Science Foundation (DMR-1303080)
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-15-1-0319)
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (688166)
  • H2020 European Research Council (670478)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
Keywords
high power handling, linearity, radio-over-fiber, antenna remoting, 5G

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review