The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Predicting failure of the continuum fluid equations in transitional hypersonic flows
Abstract
The manner in which the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid mechanics break down under conditions of low-density, hypersonic flow is investigated numerically. This is performed through careful and detailed comparisons of solutions obtained with continuum and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The objective of the study is to predict conditions under which the continuum approach may be expected to fail. Both normal shock waves and bow shocks formed by flow over a sphere are considered for argon and nitrogen. It is found that a Knudsen number based on local flow conditions and gradients is a convenient and accurate criterion for indicating breakdown of the continuum flow equations. Failure of the Navier–Stokes equations in hypersonic transitional flows occurs both in the shock front and in the region immediately adjacent to the body surface.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Gas Dynamics And The Direct Simulation Of Gas Flows
Bird, G. A. (1994) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198561958.001.0001 · Cited by 7,269
Cited by
Adaptive Mesh and Algorithm Refinement Using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo
Garcia, A. L., Bell, J. B., Crutchfield, W. Y., & Alder, B. J. (1999) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1006/jcph.1999.6305 · Cited by 269
Beyond Navier–Stokes: Burnett equations for flows in the continuum–transition regime
Agarwal, R. K., Yun, K.-Y., & Balakrishnan, R. (2001) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/1.1397256 · Cited by 253
Metadata
- Authors
- Boyd, I. D., Chen, G., & Candler, G. V.
- Venue
- Physics of Fluids
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 1995-01-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 210-219
- ISSN
- 1070-6631 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7666
- OpenAlex
- W2069176341
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Predicting failure of the continuum fluid equations in transitional hypersonic flows. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1063/1.868720
- The paper
- Boyd, I. D., Chen, G., & Candler, G. V. (1995). Predicting failure of the continuum fluid equations in transitional hypersonic flows. Physics of Fluids. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.868720
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
