Inflammatory cell and epithelial characteristics of perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis with a symptom history of 1 to 3 years’ duration
Open accessAbstract
Background Perennial rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the mucosal lining of the nose that may be caused by allergic and nonallergic mechanisms.Objective We sought to characterize the cellular pattern and structural changes in the nasal mucous membrane of patients with perennial rhinitis and compare them with those of control subjects.Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from 27 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), from 12 patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNAR) with eosinophils present in the nasal smear, and from 6 control subjects without rhinitis. In 10 of 27 patients with PAR who were also allergic to pollen, biopsy specimens were taken within the respective season (PARseason). In the other 17 patients, the biopsy was taken outside the pollen season (PARoutside season). Inflammatory cells were identified by using mAbs to their unique granular proteins.Results The characteristic feature of perennial rhinitis was the accumulation of activated (degranulated) mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. The tissue eosinophil/neutrophil ratio was higher, and the loss of epithelial integrity was greater in all patient groups compared with the control subjects. The extent of epithelial damage was significantly larger in patients in the PARseason group compared with that in the PARoutside season and PNAR groups, which did not significantly differ from each other in this respect. The number of eosinophils and mast cells was higher in the PNAR group compared with the PAR groups. In all patient groups, the number of eosinophils correlated with the loss of epithelial integrity. The number of mast cells did not correlate with the extent of epithelial damage nor did the number of neutrophils, except in patients in the PARseason group.Conclusion The accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells, as well as loss of epithelial integrity, was characteristic for perennial rhinitis. Loss of epithelial integrity in the nasal mucosa may be a consequence of the activity of accumulated eosinophils.
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Nasal epithelium is thicker in patients with AR after allergen challenge, but studies on epithelial thickness in AR without allergen challenge are conflicting.
“Nasal epithelium is thicker in patients with AR after allergen challenge,415,416 but studies on epithelial thickness in AR without allergen challenge are conflicting.415-417”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [416]
The Cell count section measures epithelial integrity as the length of intact epithelium, not epithelial thickness. The Discussion describes conflicting reports of epithelial shedding, but not conflicting measurements of thickness. Our copy therefore does not establish either thickness claim, including the claim about allergen challenge. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Amin, K., Rinne, J., Haahtela, T., Simola, M., Peterson, C. G. B., Roomans, G. M., Malmberg, H., Venge, P., & Sevéus, L.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-257
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131285280
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Keywords
- perennial allergic rhinitis, nasal mucosa, eosinophils, mast cells, mast cell degranulation, epithelial barrier integrity, neutrophils, allergic rhinitis, nasal mucosa inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cell Count, Eosinophils, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Mast Cells, Middle Aged, Nasal Mucosa, Neutrophils, Rhinitis, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Time Factors, Cell Degranulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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