Cited by 117Night-time city cultureUrban Planning and GovernanceUrban and sociocultural dynamics

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Rhythms of the Night: Spatiotemporal Inequalities in the Nighttime Economy

Schwanen, Tim, van Aalst, Irina, Brands, Jelle, Timan, Tjerk·2012·Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space

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Abstract

The authors seek to extend the literature on inequalities and exclusion in the nighttime economy through a rhythmic analysis of visitor presence in public space in nightlife districts in the city centres of the Dutch cities of Groningen, Utrecht, and Rotterdam. Substantial inequalities in visitor presence, based on race/ethnicity and gender, are demonstrated. In the cities considered, racial/ethnic inequalities vary more in spatial terms, and gender inequalities fluctuate more heavily over the course of the night. Overall, however, the findings support the argument that exclusion from the nighttime economy needs to be understood in temporal—ecological terms. Multiple drivers, or pacemakers, of rhythmic inequalities rooted in race/ethnicity and gender are identified, including opening hours and revellers' collective habits. For advocates of greater diversity among nighttime-economy participants, the analysis suggests that neither a more varied supply of nightlife premises, nor more surveillance and policing, are straightforward solutions: a strong orientation of premises toward university students and urban professionals may promote gender-based inclusion, but deters nonwhite revellers, and more police on the street may empower women to move through a nightlife district unaccompanied yet reduce the inclination to do so among racial/ethnic minorities

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Authors: Schwanen, T., van Aalst, I., Brands, J., & Timan, T.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
Utrecht University (NL)
University of Twente (NL)
Corresponding author: Schwanen, Tim
Brands, Jelle
Timan, Tjerk
ORCID: Schwanen, Tim
Brands, Jelle
Timan, Tjerk
Venue: Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-01-01
Volume: 44
Issue: 9
Pages: 2064-2085
ISSN: 0308-518X (ISSN-L)
1472-3409
DOI: 10.1068/a44494
OpenAlex: W2121180634
Cited by: 117
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 23.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Environment and Planning A Economy and Space (publishedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
Funders: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (MVI-313-99-140)
Topics: Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Night-time city culture
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Planning and Governance
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and sociocultural dynamics
Keywords: night-time economy, nightlife, gender inequality, exclusion, public space, opening hours, police surveillance, university students, urban professionals, Groningen, Utrecht, Rotterdam

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Rhythms of the Night: Spatiotemporal Inequalities in the Nighttime Economy

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