The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Major genetic marker of nidoviruses encodes a replicative endoribonuclease
Open accessAbstract
Coronaviruses are important pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases in humans. Replication of the ≈30-kb positive-strand RNA genome of coronaviruses and discontinuous synthesis of an extensive set of subgenome-length RNAs (transcription) are mediated by the replicase-transcriptase, a barely characterized protein complex that comprises several cellular proteins and up to 16 viral subunits. The coronavirus replicase-transcriptase was recently predicted to contain RNA-processing enzymes that are extremely rare or absent in other RNA viruses. Here, we established and characterized the activity of one of these enzymes, replicative nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU). It is considered a major genetic marker that discriminates nidoviruses ( Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae , and Roniviridae ) from all other RNA virus families. Bacterially expressed forms of NendoU of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E were revealed to cleave single-stranded and double-stranded RNA in a Mn 2+ -dependent manner. Single-stranded RNA was cleaved less specifically and effectively, suggesting that double-stranded RNA is the biologically relevant NendoU substrate. Double-stranded RNA substrates were cleaved upstream and downstream of uridylates at GUU or GU sequences to produce molecules with 2′-3′ cyclic phosphate ends. 2′- O -ribose-methylated RNA substrates proved to be resistant to cleavage by NendoU, indicating a functional link with the 2′- O -ribose methyltransferase located adjacent to NendoU in the coronavirus replicative polyprotein. A mutagenesis study verified potential active-site residues and allowed us to inactivate NendoU in the full-length human coronavirus 229E clone. Substitution of D6408 by Ala was shown to abolish viral RNA synthesis, demonstrating that NendoU has critical functions in viral replication and transcription.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome
Peiris, J., Lai, S., Poon, L., Guan, Y., Yam, L., Lim, W., Nicholls, J., Yee, W., Yan, W., Cheung, M., et al. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13077-2 · Cited by 2,915
Coronavirus Main Proteinase (3CL pro ) Structure: Basis for Design of Anti-SARS Drugs
Anand, K., Ziebuhr, J., Wadhwani, P., Mesters, J. R., & Hilgenfeld, R. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1085658 · Cited by 1,728
Self-citationThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Peiris, J. S. M., Yuen, K. Y., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Stöhr, K. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra032498 · Cited by 1,346
Snijder, E. J., Bredenbeek, P. J., Dobbe, J. C., Thiel, V., Ziebuhr, J., Poon, L. L. M., Guan, Y., Rozanov, M., Spaan, W. J. M., & Gorbalenya, A. E. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00865-9 · Cited by 1,198
Self-citationVirus-encoded proteinases and proteolytic processing in the Nidovirales
Ziebuhr, J., Gorbalenya, A. E., & Snijder, E. J. (2000) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-81-4-853 · Cited by 1,029
Self-citationMechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression
Thiel, V., Ivanov, K. A., Putics, Á., Hertzig, T., Schelle, B., Bayer, S., Weißbrich, B., Snijder, E. J., Rabenau, H., Doerr, H. W., et al. (2003) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.19424-0 · Cited by 848
Self-citationBrierley, I., Digard, P., & Inglis, S. C. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90124-4 · Cited by 675
Analysis of Catalytic Residues in Enzyme Active Sites
Bartlett, G. J., Porter, C. T., Borkakoti, N., & Thornton, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01036-7 · Cited by 589
Multiple Enzymatic Activities Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Helicase
Ivanov, K. A., Thiel, V., Dobbe, J. C., van der Meer, Y., Snijder, E. J., & Ziebuhr, J. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.11.5619-5632.2004 · Cited by 435
Self-citationZiebuhr, J. (2005) · Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/3-540-26765-4_3 · Cited by 393
Self-citation
Cited by
Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Weiss, S. R., & Navas-Martin, S. (2005) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.69.4.635-664.2005 · Cited by 1,256
Minskaia, E., Hertzig, T., Gorbalenya, A. E., Campanacci, V., Cambillau, C., Canard, B., & Ziebuhr, J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508200103 · Cited by 624
Self-citationInterplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I interferon response
Sa Ribero, M., Jouvenet, N., Dreux, M., & Nisole, S. (2020) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008737 · Cited by 443
In Vitro Reconstitution of SARS-Coronavirus mRNA Cap Methylation
Bouvet, M., Debarnot, C., Imbert, I., Selisko, B., Snijder, E. J., Canard, B., & Decroly, E. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000863 · Cited by 406
Proteomics Analysis Unravels the Functional Repertoire of Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 3
Neuman, B. W., Joseph, J. S., Saikatendu, K. S., Serrano, P., Chatterjee, A., Johnson, M. A., Liao, L., Klaus, J. P., Yates, J. R., Wüthrich, K., et al. (2008) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02631-07 · Cited by 192
Metadata
- Authors
- Ivanov, K. A., Hertzig, T., Rozanov, M., Bayer, S., Thiel, V., Gorbalenya, A. E., & Ziebuhr, J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2004-08-10
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- 12694-12699
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2138929325
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 29.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Major genetic marker of nidoviruses encodes a replicative endoribonuclease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0403127101
- The paper
- Ivanov, K. A., Hertzig, T., Rozanov, M., Bayer, S., Thiel, V., Gorbalenya, A. E., & Ziebuhr, J. (2004). Major genetic marker of nidoviruses encodes a replicative endoribonuclease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403127101
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
