Cited by 212Bone and Dental Protein Studiesdental development and anomaliesAlkaline Phosphatase Research Studies

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Genetic basis for the evolution of vertebrate mineralized tissue

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Kawasaki, Kazuhiko, Suzuki, Tohru, Weiss, Kenneth M.·2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0404279101PMC PMC509207

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Abstract

Mineralized tissue is vital to many characteristic adaptive phenotypes in vertebrates. Three primary tissues, enamel (enameloid), dentin, and bone, are found in the body armor of ancient agnathans and mammalian teeth, suggesting that these two organs are homologous. Mammalian enamel forms on enamel-specific proteins such as amelogenin, whereas dentin and bone form on collagen and many acidic proteins, such as SPP1, coordinately regulate their mineralization. We previously reported that genes for three major enamel matrix proteins, five proteins necessary for dentin and bone formation, and milk caseins and salivary proteins arose from a single ancestor by tandem gene duplications and form the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) family. Gene structure and protein characteristics show that SCPP genes arose from the 5′ region of ancestral sparcl1 ( SPARC -like 1). Phylogenetic analysis on SPARC and SPARCL1 suggests that the SCPP genes arose after the divergence of cartilaginous fish and bony fish, implying that early vertebrate mineralization did not use SCPPs and that SPARC may be critical for initial mineralization. Consistent with this inference, we identified SPP1 in a teleost genome but failed to find any genes orthologous to mammalian enamel proteins. Based on these observations, we suggest a scenario for the evolution of vertebrate tissue mineralization, in which body armor initially formed on dermal collagen, which acted as a reinforcement of dermis. We also suggest that mammalian enamel is distinct from fish enameloid. Their similar nature as a hard structural overlay on exoskeleton and teeth is because of convergent evolution.

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Authors: Kawasaki, K., Suzuki, T., & Weiss, K. M.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Kawasaki, Kazuhiko
Suzuki, Tohru
Weiss, Kenneth M.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2004-07-22
Volume: 101
Issue: 31
Pages: 11356-11361
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404279101
PMC: PMC509207
OpenAlex: W2081946704
Cited by: 212
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 6.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › dental development and anomalies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
Keywords: enamel, dentin, bone, enamel matrix proteins, amelogenin, SPARC, SPARCL1, osteopontin, tandem gene duplication, jawless fishes, teleosts, milk casein, salivary proteins, collagen, convergent evolution, homology
MeSH terms: Animals, Bone and Bones, Calcification, Physiologic, Caseins, Collagen, Dental Enamel, Mammals, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Vertebrates, Osteonectin, Evolution, Molecular, Takifugu

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Genetic basis for the evolution of vertebrate mineralized tissue

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