Cited by 149Evolution and Paleontology StudiesPleistocene-Era Hominins and ArchaeologyPrimate Behavior and Ecology

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Genomic data support the hominoid slowdown and an Early Oligocene estimate for the hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence.

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Steiper, Michael E., Young, Nathan M., Sukarna, Tika Y.·2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0407270101PMC PMC535389

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Abstract

Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that hominoids (apes and humans) and cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) diverged around 23-25 Mya. Importantly, although this range of dates has been used as both an initial assumption and as a confirmation of results in many molecular-clock analyses, it has not been critically assessed on its own merits. In this article we test the robusticity of the 23- to 25-Mya estimate with approximately 150,000 base pairs of orthologous DNA sequence data from two cercopithecoids and two hominoids by using quartet analysis. This method is an improvement over other estimates of the hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence because it incorporates two calibration points, one each within cercopithecoids and hominoids, and tests for a statistically appropriate model of molecular evolution. Most comparisons reject rate constancy in favor of a model incorporating two rates of evolution, supporting the "hominoid slowdown" hypothesis. By using this model of molecular evolution, the hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence is estimated to range from 29.2 to 34.5 Mya, significantly older than most previous analyses. Hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence dates of 23-25 Mya fall outside of the confidence intervals estimated, suggesting that as much as one-third of ape evolution has not been paleontologically sampled. Identifying stem cercopithecoids or hominoids from this period will be difficult because derived features that define crown catarrhines need not be present in early members of these lineages. More sites that sample primate habitats from the Oligocene of Africa are needed to better understand early ape and Old World monkey evolution.

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Authors: Steiper, M. E., Young, N. M., & Sukarna, T. Y.
Affiliations: University of Calgary (CA)
ORCID: Steiper, Michael E.
Young, Nathan M.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2004-11-30
Volume: 101
Issue: 49
Pages: 17021-17026
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407270101
PMC: PMC535389
OpenAlex: W1964511844
Cited by: 149
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 12.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (RR03037)
National Center for Research Resources (RR-03037, G12RR003037)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: Oligocene, molecular clock, divergence time estimation, rate heterogeneity, Old World monkeys, apes, primate evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Cercopithecidae, Biological Evolution, Humans, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Time, Hominidae, Likelihood Functions, Evolution, Molecular, Contig Mapping

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Genomic data support the hominoid slowdown and an Early Oligocene estimate for the hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence.

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