The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimal vortex formation as an index of cardiac health
Open accessAbstract
Heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Previous research has indicated that the dynamics of the cardiac left ventricle (LV) during diastolic filling may play a critical role in dictating overall cardiac health. Hence, numerous studies have aimed to predict and evaluate global cardiac health based on quantitative parameters describing LV function. However, the inherent complexity of LV diastole, in its electrical, muscular, and hemodynamic processes, has prevented the development of tools to accurately predict and diagnose heart failure at early stages, when corrective measures are most effective. In this work, it is demonstrated that major aspects of cardiac function are reflected uniquely and sensitively in the optimization of vortex formation in the blood flow during early diastole, as measured by a dimensionless numerical index. This index of optimal vortex formation correlates well with existing measures of cardiac health such as the LV ejection fraction. However, unlike existing measures, this previously undescribed index does not require patient-specific information to determine numerical index values corresponding to normal function. A study of normal and pathological cardiac health in human subjects demonstrates the ability of this global index to distinguish disease states by a straightforward analysis of noninvasive LV measurements.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Vasan, R. S., Larson, S., Benjamin, E. J., Evans, J. C., Reiss, C. K., & Levy, D. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00118-7 · Cited by 1,331
Zile, M. R., & Brutsaert, D. L. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc1102.105289 · Cited by 1,184
A universal time scale for vortex ring formation
GHARIB, M., RAMBOD, E., & SHARIFF, K. (1998) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/s0022112097008410 · Cited by 1,173
Self-citationAsymmetric redirection of flow through the heart
Kilner, P. J., Yang, G.-Z., Wilkes, A. J., Mohiaddin, R. H., Firmin, D. N., & Yacoub, M. H. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35008075 · Cited by 715
On the formation of vortex rings: Rolling-up and production of circulation
Didden, N. (1979) · Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik ZAMP · doi:10.1007/bf01597484 · Cited by 403
Some experimental studies of vortex rings
Maxworthy, T. (1977) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/s0022112077002171 · Cited by 386
Ohno, M., Cheng, C. P., & Little, W. C. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.5.2241 · Cited by 312
The significance of vortex ring formation to the impulse and thrust of a starting jet
Krueger, P. S., & Gharib, M. (2003) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/1.1564600 · Cited by 301
Self-citationKim, W. Y., Walker, P. G., Pedersen, E. M., Poulsen, J. K., Oyre, S., Houlind, K., & Yoganathan, A. P. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00141-l · Cited by 274
A model for universal time scale of vortex ring formation
Mohseni, K., & Gharib, M. (1998) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/1.869785 · Cited by 191
Self-citation
Cited by
Left Ventricular Structure and Function
Sengupta, P. P., Korinek, J., Belohlavek, M., Narula, J., Vannan, M. A., Jahangir, A., & Khandheria, B. K. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.030 · Cited by 505
Hong, G.-R., Pedrizzetti, G., Tonti, G., Li, P., Wei, Z., Kim, J. K., Baweja, A., Liu, S., Chung, N., Houle, H., et al. (2008) · JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.06.008 · Cited by 340
Optimal Vortex Formation as a Unifying Principle in Biological Propulsion
Dabiri, J. O. (2009) · Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165232 · Cited by 317
Self-citationThe vortex—an early predictor of cardiovascular outcome?
Pedrizzetti, G., La Canna, G., Alfieri, O., & Tonti, G. (2014) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.75 · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Gharib, M., Rambod, E., Kheradvar, A., Sahn, D. J., & Dabiri, J. O.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-04-18
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 6305-6308
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2095753497
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Optimal vortex formation as an index of cardiac health. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0600520103
- The paper
- Gharib, M., Rambod, E., Kheradvar, A., Sahn, D. J., & Dabiri, J. O. (2006). Optimal vortex formation as an index of cardiac health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600520103
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.