Cited by 730Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy DevelopmentLanguage Development and Disorders

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Brain potentials reveal unconscious translation during foreign language comprehension

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Thierry, Guillaume, Wu, Yan Jing·2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0609927104PMC PMC1941503

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Abstract

Whether the native language of bilingual individuals is active during second-language comprehension is the subject of lively debate. Studies of bilingualism have often used a mix of first- and second-language words, thereby creating an artificial "dual-language" context. Here, using event-related brain potentials, we demonstrate implicit access to the first language when bilinguals read words exclusively in their second language. Chinese-English bilinguals were required to decide whether English words presented in pairs were related in meaning or not; they were unaware of the fact that half of the words concealed a character repetition when translated into Chinese. Whereas the hidden factor failed to affect behavioral performance, it significantly modulated brain potentials in the expected direction, establishing that English words were automatically and unconsciously translated into Chinese. Critically, the same modulation was found in Chinese monolinguals reading the same words in Chinese, i.e., when Chinese character repetition was evident. Finally, we replicated this pattern of results in the auditory modality by using a listening comprehension task. These findings demonstrate that native-language activation is an unconscious correlate of second-language comprehension.

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Modality Effects
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References
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Conclusions and Future Directions
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Action Time
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References
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1PF in MDM
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Interfaces
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Authors: Thierry, G., & Wu, Y. J.
Affiliations: Bangor University (GB)
ORCID: Thierry, Guillaume
Wu, Yan Jing
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2007-07-24
Volume: 104
Issue: 30
Pages: 12530-12535
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609927104
PMC: PMC1941503
OpenAlex: W2118701528
Cited by: 728
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 4.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Economic and Social Research Council (ES/E024556/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords: second language comprehension, bilingualism, Chinese-English bilinguals, word recognition, semantic relatedness judgment, event-related potentials
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, China, England, Evoked Potentials, Hearing, Humans, Language, Translations, Unconscious, Psychology, Comprehension

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Brain potentials reveal unconscious translation during foreign language comprehension

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