The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection
Open accessAbstract
A recombinant virus assay was used to characterize in detail neutralizing antibody responses directed at circulating autologous HIV in plasma. Examining serial plasma specimens in a matrix format, most patients with primary HIV infection rapidly generated significant neutralizing antibody responses to early (0–39 months) autologous viruses, whereas responses to laboratory and heterologous primary strains were often lower and delayed. Plasma virus continually and rapidly evolved to escape neutralization, indicating that neutralizing antibody exerts a level of selective pressure that has been underappreciated based on earlier, less comprehensive characterizations. These data argue that neutralizing antibody responses account for the extensive variation in the envelope gene that is observed in the early months after primary HIV infection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Mapping the Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Influenza Virus
Smith, D. J., Lapedes, A. S., de Jong, J. C., Bestebroer, T. M., Rimmelzwaan, G. F., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Fouchier, R. A. M. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097211 · Cited by 1,868
Broad neutralization coverage of HIV by multiple highly potent antibodies
Walker, L. M., Huber, M., Doores, K. J., Falkowska, E., Pejchal, R., Julien, J.-P., Wang, S.-K., Ramos, A., Chan-Hui, P.-Y., Moyle, M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10373 · Cited by 1,480
Self-citationDomingo, E., Sheldon, J., & Perales, C. (2012) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.05023-11 · Cited by 1,009
Redefining the Viral Reservoirs that Prevent HIV-1 Eradication
Eisele, E., & Siliciano, R. F. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.010 · Cited by 474
Cirelli, K. M., Carnathan, D. G., Nogal, B., Martin, J. T., Rodriguez, O. L., Upadhyay, A. A., Enemuo, C. A., Gebru, E. H., Choe, Y., Viviano, F., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.012 · Cited by 433
Metadata
- Authors
- Richman, D. D., Wrin, T., Little, S. J., & Petropoulos, C. J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-03-18
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4144-4149
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2034160159
- Cited by
- 1,200
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 26.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0630530100
- The paper
- Richman, D. D., Wrin, T., Little, S. J., & Petropoulos, C. J. (2003). Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0630530100
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.