Improvement of water use efficiency in rice by expression of HARDY , an Arabidopsis drought and salt tolerance gene
Open accessAbstract
Freshwater is a limited and dwindling global resource; therefore, efficient water use is required for food crops that have high water demands, such as rice, or for the production of sustainable energy biomass. We show here that expression of the Arabidopsis HARDY ( HRD ) gene in rice improves water use efficiency, the ratio of biomass produced to the water used, by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and reducing transpiration. These drought-tolerant, low-water-consuming rice plants exhibit increased shoot biomass under well irrigated conditions and an adaptive increase in root biomass under drought stress. The HRD gene, an AP2/ERF-like transcription factor, identified by a gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant hrd-D having roots with enhanced strength, branching, and cortical cells, exhibits drought resistance and salt tolerance, accompanied by an enhancement in the expression of abiotic stress associated genes. HRD overexpression in Arabidopsis produces thicker leaves with more chloroplast-bearing mesophyll cells, and in rice, there is an increase in leaf biomass and bundle sheath cells that probably contributes to the enhanced photosynthesis assimilation and efficiency. The results exemplify application of a gene identified from the model plant Arabidopsis for the improvement of water use efficiency coincident with drought resistance in the crop plant rice.
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Overexpressing the Arabidopsis HARDY gene in transgenic rice improved WUE and biomass production under salt- and drought-stress conditions due to improved photosynthetic assimilation and decreased transpiration rate.
“Karaba et al. (2007) found a significant improvement in WUE and in biomass production due to improved photosynthetic assimilation and decreased transpiration rate in transgenic rice plants under salt-and droughtstress conditions by overexpressing Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) gene (Table 3).”
From Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview (2013) · cites this paper as Karaba et al. 2007
The indexed Abstract (page not specified) says that expressing Arabidopsis HARDY in rice improved water-use efficiency through greater photosynthetic assimilation and reduced transpiration. It reports increased shoot biomass under well-irrigated conditions and root biomass under drought stress, but does not report improved rice biomass under salt stress; its salt-tolerance statement concerns Arabidopsis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cites
Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: What should we breed for?
ARAUS, J. L. (2002) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcf049 · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
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Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview
Ashraf, M., & Harris, P. J. C. (2013) · Photosynthetica · doi:10.1007/s11099-013-0021-6 · Cited by 2,028 · see citing works
Technological Innovations, Downside Risk, and the Modernization of Agriculture
Emerick, K., de Janvry, A., Sadoulet, E., & Dar, M. H. (2016) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20150474 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
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Transcription factors-golden keys to modulate the plant metabolism to develop salinity tolerance
Bhat, B. A., Mir, R. A., Mir, W. R., Hamdani, S. S., & Mir, M. A. (2024) · Plant Stress · doi:10.1016/j.stress.2024.100409 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Karaba, A., Dixit, S., Greco, R., Aharoni, A., Trijatmiko, K. R., Marsch-Martinez, N., Krishnan, A., Nataraja, K. N., Udayakumar, M., & Pereira, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (IN)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development (ID)
- *Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Virginia Tech (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-09-25
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 15270-15275
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1986572
- OpenAlex
- W2092328559
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 27.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Keywords
- water use efficiency, rice, AP2/ERF transcription factors, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, transpiration, photosynthetic assimilation, root biomass, bundle sheath cells, mesophyll cells, transgenic rice, gene overexpression
- MeSH terms
- Chloroplasts, Disasters, Mutation, Phenotype, Photosynthesis, Oryza, Salts, Water, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Leaves, Plant Roots, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plant Transpiration, Arabidopsis Proteins, Transcription Factor AP-2
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