Cited by 309Wildlife Ecology and ConservationRangeland and Wildlife ManagementRemote Sensing in Agriculture

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Large-scale impacts of herbivores on the structural diversity of African savannas

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Asner, Gregory P., Levick, Shaun R., Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty, Knapp, David E., Emerson, Ruth, Jacobson, James, Colgan, Matthew S., Martin, Roberta E.·2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0810637106PMC PMC2650504

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Abstract

African savannas are undergoing management intensification, and decision makers are increasingly challenged to balance the needs of large herbivore populations with the maintenance of vegetation and ecosystem diversity. Ensuring the sustainability of Africa's natural protected areas requires information on the efficacy of management decisions at large spatial scales, but often neither experimental treatments nor large-scale responses are available for analysis. Using a new airborne remote sensing system, we mapped the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of vegetation at a spatial resolution of 56 cm throughout 1640 ha of savanna after 6-, 22-, 35-, and 41-year exclusions of herbivores, as well as in unprotected areas, across Kruger National Park in South Africa. Areas in which herbivores were excluded over the short term (6 years) contained 38%-80% less bare ground compared with those that were exposed to mammalian herbivory. In the longer-term (> 22 years), the 3-D structure of woody vegetation differed significantly between protected and accessible landscapes, with up to 11-fold greater woody canopy cover in the areas without herbivores. Our maps revealed 2 scales of ecosystem response to herbivore consumption, one broadly mediated by geologic substrate and the other mediated by hillslope-scale variation in soil nutrient availability and moisture conditions. Our results are the first to quantitatively illustrate the extent to which herbivores can affect the 3-D structural diversity of vegetation across large savanna landscapes.

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Kumar, G., Vashishtha, A., Barupal, T., Chetri, S. P. K., Heikrujam, M., Meena, M., Jain, T., & Sharma, K. K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_854
Recommendation: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R1/PR11
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr11
Review: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR4
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr4
Author comment: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R1/PR8
Smith, F. A. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr8
Decision: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R1/PR12
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr12
Author comment: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR1
Smith, F. A. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr1
Recommendation: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR5
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr5
Review: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R1/PR10
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr10
Review: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR3
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr3
Decision: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR6
(2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr6
Review: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR2
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr2
Decision: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R0/PR7
(2022) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr7
Review: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R1/PR9
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr9
Decision: After the mammoths: The ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions — R1/PR13
Smith, F. A., Smith, E. A. E., Hedberg, C. P., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Extinction · doi:10.1017/ext.2023.6.pr13
Influência do Índice de Anomalia de Chuvas na vegetação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pajeú por Sensoriamento Remoto
Patriota, E. G. (2024) · Revista de Geografia · doi:10.51359/2238-6211.2024.258619
Comment on egusphere-2024-1514
Reed, C. G., Budny, M. L., Toit, D., et al. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-1514-rc1
Reply on RC1
Reed, C. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-1514-ac1

Authors: Asner, G. P., Levick, S. R., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Knapp, D. E., Emerson, R., Jacobson, J., Colgan, M. S., & Martin, R. E.
Affiliations: Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
ORCID: Asner, Gregory P.
Levick, Shaun R.
Emerson, Ruth
Martin, Roberta E.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2009-03-24
Volume: 106
Issue: 12
Pages: 4947-4952
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810637106
PMC: PMC2650504
OpenAlex: W2159639712
Cited by: 309
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 15.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
W. M. Keck Foundation
South African National Parks
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Keywords: large herbivores, mammalian herbivory, savanna vegetation structure, herbivore exclusion, bare ground, protected areas, Kruger National Park, airborne remote sensing, geologic substrate, soil nutrients, soil moisture, savanna management, ecosystem diversity
MeSH terms: Animals, Feeding Behavior, South Africa, Trees, Ecosystem, Plant Leaves, Biodiversity

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Large-scale impacts of herbivores on the structural diversity of African savannas

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