The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Open accessAbstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has recently emerged worldwide. The United States, in particular, is experiencing a serious epidemic of CA-MRSA that is almost entirely caused by an extraordinarily infectious strain named USA300. However, the molecular determinants underlying the pathogenic success of CA-MRSA are mostly unknown. To gain insight into the evolution of the exceptional potential of USA300 to cause disease, we compared the phylogeny and virulence of USA300 with that of closely related MRSA clones. We discovered that the sublineage from which USA300 evolved is characterized by a phenotype of high virulence that is clearly distinct from other MRSA strains. Namely, USA300 and its progenitor, USA500, had high virulence in animal infection models and the capacity to evade innate host defense mechanisms. Furthermore, our results indicate that increased virulence in the USA300/USA500 sublineage is attributable to differential expression of core genome-encoded virulence determinants, such as phenol-soluble modulins and α-toxin. Notably, the fact that the virulence phenotype of USA300 was already established in its progenitor indicates that acquisition of mobile genetic elements has played a limited role in the evolution of USA300 virulence and points to a possibly different role of those elements. Thus, our results highlight the importance of differential gene expression in the evolution of USA300 virulence. This finding calls for a profound revision of our notion about CA-MRSA pathogenesis at the molecular level and has important implications for design of therapeutics directed against CA-MRSA.
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“which appears to have enhanced virulence as compared to the traditional hospital-associated MRSA strains [26], [27], [28].”
From Interactions of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Polymicrobial Wound Infection (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Li, M., Diep, B. A., Villaruz, A. E., Braughton, K. R., Jiang, X., DeLeo, F. R., Chambers, H. F., Lu, Y., & Otto, M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-04-07
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5883-5888
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2667066
- OpenAlex
- W2005636153
- Cited by
- 394
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 30.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI070289, T32AI060537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Keywords
- community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, USA300, virulence evolution, phenol-soluble modulins, alpha-toxin, differential gene expression, mobile genetic elements, animal models of infection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Phylogeny, United States, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Evolution, Molecular, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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