The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of bacterial suspensions
Open accessAbstract
Unicellular living organisms, such as bacteria and algae, propel themselves through a medium via cyclic strokes involving the motion of cilia and flagella. Dense populations of such “active particles” or “swimmers” exhibit a rich collective behavior at large scales. Starting with a minimal physical model of a stroke-averaged swimmer in a fluid, we derive a continuum description of a suspension of active organisms that incorporates fluid-mediated, long-range hydrodynamic interactions among the swimmers. Our work demonstrates that hydrodynamic interactions provide a simple, generic origin for several nonequilibrium phenomena predicted or observed in the literature. The continuum model derived here does not depend on the microscopic physical model of the individual swimmer. The details of the large-scale physics do, however, differ for “shakers” (particles that are active but not self-propelled, such as melanocytes) and “movers” (self-propelled particles), “pushers” (most bacteria) and “pullers” (algae like Chlamydomonas). Our work provides a classification of the large-scale behavior of all these systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Physics of Liquid Crystals
Gennes, P. G. D., & Prost, J. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198520245.001.0001 · Cited by 8,343
Novel Type of Phase Transition in a System of Self-Driven Particles
Vicsek, T., Czirók, A., Ben-Jacob, E., Cohen, I., & Shochet, O. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.1226 · Cited by 7,380
Purcell, E. M. (1977) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.10903 · Cited by 4,360
Stephen, M. J., & Straley, J. P. (1974) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.46.617 · Cited by 2,616
Low Reynolds number hydrodynamics: with special applications to particulate media
Happel, J., & Brenner, H. (1983) · Mechanics of fluids and transport processes · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8352-6 · Cited by 1,354
Long-Range Order in a Two-Dimensional DynamicalXYModel: How Birds Fly Together
Toner, J., & Tu, Y. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.4326 · Cited by 1,243
Self-Concentration and Large-Scale Coherence in Bacterial Dynamics
Dombrowski, C., Cisneros, L., Chatkaew, S., Goldstein, R. E., & Kessler, J. O. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.098103 · Cited by 1,106
Hydrodynamics and phases of flocks
Toner, J., Tu, Y., & Ramaswamy, S. (2005) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2005.04.011 · Cited by 1,021
Hydrodynamic Fluctuations and Instabilities in Ordered Suspensions of Self-Propelled Particles
Aditi Simha, R., & Ramaswamy, S. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.058101 · Cited by 956
Lighthill, S. J. (1975) · Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks · doi:10.1137/1.9781611970517 · Cited by 886
Cited by
Vicsek, T., & Zafeiris, A. (2012) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2012.03.004 · Cited by 2,923
The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter
Ramaswamy, S. (2010) · Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics · doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101 · Cited by 2,038
Physics of microswimmers—single particle motion and collective behavior: a review
Elgeti, J., Winkler, R. G., & Gompper, G. (2015) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/5/056601 · Cited by 1,514
Meso-scale turbulence in living fluids
Wensink, H. H., Dunkel, J., Heidenreich, S., Drescher, K., Goldstein, R. E., Löwen, H., & Yeomans, J. M. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1202032109 · Cited by 984
Polar patterns of driven filaments
Schaller, V., Weber, C., Semmrich, C., Frey, E., & Bausch, A. R. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09312 · Cited by 816
Metadata
- Authors
- Baskaran, A., & Marchetti, M. C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-09-15
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 15567-15572
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2162190973
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 16.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of bacterial suspensions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0906586106
- The paper
- Baskaran, A., & Marchetti, M. C. (2009). Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of bacterial suspensions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906586106
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
