Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 765

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A nonparametric view of network models and Newman–Girvan and other modularities

Open access
Bickel, Peter J., Chen, Aiyou·2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Prompted by the increasing interest in networks in many fields, we present an attempt at unifying points of view and analyses of these objects coming from the social sciences, statistics, probability and physics communities. We apply our approach to the Newman–Girvan modularity, widely used for “community” detection, among others. Our analysis is asymptotic but we show by simulation and application to real examples that the theory is a reasonable guide to practice.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.0907096106

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Cited by

See all 765

Metadata

Authors
Bickel, P. J., & Chen, A.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2009-12-15
Volume
106
Issue
50
Pages
21068-21073
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2064274783
Cited by
765
References
3
FWCI
16.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A nonparametric view of network models and Newman–Girvan and other modularities. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0907096106
The paper
Bickel, P. J., & Chen, A. (2009). A nonparametric view of network models and Newman–Girvan and other modularities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907096106

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.