Cited by 246Neural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural MechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Neural representation of time in cortico-basal ganglia circuits

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Jin, Dezhe Z., Fujii, Naotaka, Graybiel, Ann M.·2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0909881106PMC PMC2776432

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Abstract

Encoding time is universally required for learning and structuring motor and cognitive actions, but how the brain keeps track of time is still not understood. We searched for time representations in cortico-basal ganglia circuits by recording from thousands of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of macaque monkeys performing a routine visuomotor task. We found that a subset of neurons exhibited time-stamp encoding strikingly similar to that required by models of reinforcement-based learning: They responded with spike activity peaks that were distributed at different time delays after single task events. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the population activity allowed robust decoding of task time by perceptron models. We suggest that time information can emerge as a byproduct of event coding in cortico-basal ganglia circuits and can serve as a critical infrastructure for behavioral learning and performance.

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Authors: Jin, D. Z., Fujii, N., & Graybiel, A. M.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
RIKEN Center for Brain Science (JP)
McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
ORCID: Jin, Dezhe Z.
Fujii, Naotaka
Graybiel, Ann M.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2009-11-10
Volume: 106
Issue: 45
Pages: 19156-19161
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909881106
PMC: PMC2776432
OpenAlex: W2156530149
Cited by: 246
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 6.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: National Eye Institute (EY12848, R01EY012848)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: cortico-basal ganglia circuits, prefrontal cortex, striatum, reinforcement learning, macaque, visuomotor task, event coding
MeSH terms: Algorithms, Animals, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Electrophysiology, Macaca mulatta, Models, Psychological, Neural Pathways, Psychomotor Performance, Saccades, Time, Prefrontal Cortex

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Neural representation of time in cortico-basal ganglia circuits

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