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A double-hexameric MCM2-7 complex is loaded onto origin DNA during licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication
Open accessAbstract
During pre-replication complex (pre-RC) formation, origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1 cooperatively load the 6-subunit mini chromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) complex onto DNA. Loading of MCM2-7 is a prerequisite for DNA licensing that restricts DNA replication to once per cell cycle. During S phase MCM2-7 functions as part of the replicative helicase but within the pre-RC MCM2-7 is inactive. The organization of replicative DNA helicases before and after loading onto DNA has been studied in bacteria and viruses but not eukaryotes and is of major importance for understanding the MCM2-7 loading mechanism and replisome assembly. Lack of an efficient reconstituted pre-RC system has hindered the detailed mechanistic and structural analysis of MCM2-7 loading for a long time. We have reconstituted Saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-RC formation with purified proteins and showed efficient loading of MCM2-7 onto origin DNA in vitro. MCM2-7 loading was found to be dependent on the presence of all pre-RC proteins, origin DNA, and ATP hydrolysis. The quaternary structure of MCM2-7 changes during pre-RC formation: MCM2-7 before loading is a single hexamer in solution but is transformed into a double-hexamer during pre-RC formation. Using electron microscopy (EM), we observed that loaded MCM2-7 encircles DNA. The loaded MCM2-7 complex can slide on DNA, and sliding is not directional. Our results provide key insights into mechanisms of pre-RC formation and have important implications for understanding the role of the MCM2-7 in establishment of bidirectional replication forks.
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Citations
Cited by
Mechanisms for initiating cellular DNA replication
Bleichert, F., Botchan, M. R., & Berger, J. M. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah6317 · Cited by 220
A gene ontology inferred from molecular networks
Dutkowski, J., Kramer, M., Surma, M. A., Balakrishnan, R., Cherry, J. M., Krogan, N. J., & Ideker, T. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2463 · Cited by 184
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Lerner, L. K., & Sale, J. E. (2019) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes10020095 · Cited by 156
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Valles, G. J., Bezsonova, I., Woodgate, R., & Ashton, N. W. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00717 · Cited by 114
“Replication licensing is mediated by the licensing factors Cdc6 and Cdt1, which help to load the MCM proteins onto DNA (Evrin et al., 2009; Remus et al., 2009).”
BackgroundNuclear PGK1 Alleviates ADP‐Dependent Inhibition of CDC7 to Promote DNA Replication
Li, X., Qian, X., Jiang, H., Xia, Y., Zheng, Y., Li, J., Huang, B.-J., Fang, J., Qian, C.-N., Jiang, T., et al. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.09.007 · Cited by 105
Metadata
- Authors
- Evrin, C., Clarke, P., Zech, J., Lurz, R., Sun, J., Uhle, S., Li, H., Stillman, B., & Speck, C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 20240-20245
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2007214324
- Cited by
- 536
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 10.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Evrin, C., Clarke, P., Zech, J., Lurz, R., Sun, J., Uhle, S., Li, H., Stillman, B., & Speck, C. (2009). A double-hexameric MCM2-7 complex is loaded onto origin DNA during licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911500106
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