The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genomic epidemiology of the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Europe, 2011
Open accessAbstract
The degree to which molecular epidemiology reveals information about the sources and transmission patterns of an outbreak depends on the resolution of the technology used and the samples studied. Isolates of Escherichia coli O104:H4 from the outbreak centered in Germany in May–July 2011, and the much smaller outbreak in southwest France in June 2011, were indistinguishable by standard tests. We report a molecular epidemiological analysis using multiplatform whole-genome sequencing and analysis of multiple isolates from the German and French outbreaks. Isolates from the German outbreak showed remarkably little diversity, with only two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in isolates from four individuals. Surprisingly, we found much greater diversity (19 SNPs) in isolates from seven individuals infected in the French outbreak. The German isolates form a clade within the more diverse French outbreak strains. Moreover, five isolates derived from a single infected individual from the French outbreak had extremely limited diversity. The striking difference in diversity between the German and French outbreak samples is consistent with several hypotheses, including a bottleneck that purged diversity in the German isolates, variation in mutation rates in the two E. coli outbreak populations, or uneven distribution of diversity in the seed populations that led to each outbreak.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
OrthoMCL: Identification of Ortholog Groups for Eukaryotic Genomes
Li, L., Stoeckert, C. J., & Roos, D. S. (2003) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.1224503 · Cited by 5,707
progressiveMauve: Multiple Genome Alignment with Gene Gain, Loss and Rearrangement
Darling, A. E., Mau, B., & Perna, N. T. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011147 · Cited by 3,848
Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator chemistry
Bentley, D. R., Balasubramanian, S., Swerdlow, H. P., Smith, G. P., Milton, J., Brown, C. G., Hall, K. P., Evers, D. J., Barnes, C. L., Bignell, H. R., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07517 · Cited by 3,684
Epidemic Profile of Shiga-Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak in Germany
Frank, C., Werber, D., Cramer, J. P., Askar, M., Faber, M., an der Heiden, M., Bernard, H., Fruth, A., Prager, R., Spode, A., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1106483 · Cited by 1,139
Fast algorithms for large-scale genome alignment and comparison
Delcher, A. L. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/30.11.2478 · Cited by 1,036
Cited by
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology
Lakhundi, S., & Zhang, K. (2018) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00020-18 · Cited by 1,637
Drug-Resistant E. coli Bacteremia Transmitted by Fecal Microbiota Transplant
DeFilipp, Z., Bloom, P. P., Torres Soto, M., Mansour, M. K., Sater, M. R. A., Huntley, M. H., Turbett, S., Chung, R. T., Chen, Y.-B., & Hohmann, E. L. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1910437 · Cited by 1,281
Whole genome-based population biology and epidemiological surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes
Moura, A., Criscuolo, A., Pouseele, H., Maury, M. M., Leclercq, A., Tarr, C., Björkman, J. T., Dallman, T., Reimer, A., Enouf, V., et al. (2016) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.185 · Cited by 668
Genetic and phenotypic intra-species variation in Candida albicans
Hirakawa, M. P., Martinez, D. A., Sakthikumar, S., Anderson, M. Z., Berlin, A., Gujja, S., Zeng, Q., Zisson, E., Wang, J. M., Greenberg, J. M., et al. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.174623.114 · Cited by 320
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Grad, Y. H., Lipsitch, M., Feldgarden, M., Arachchi, H. M., Cerqueira, G. C., FitzGerald, M., Godfrey, P., Haas, B. J., Murphy, C. I., Russ, C., Sykes, S., Walker, B. J., Wortman, J. R., Young, S., Zeng, Q., Abouelleil, A., Bochicchio, J., Chauvin, S., DeSmet, T., Gujja, S., McCowan, C., Montmayeur, A., Steelman, S., Frimodt-Møller, J., Petersen, A. M., Struve, C., Krogfelt, K. A., Bingen, E., Weill, F.-X., Lander, E. S., Nusbaum, C., Birren, B. W., Hung, D. T., & Hanage, W. P.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-02-06
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3065-3070
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2162767575
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 21.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Genomic epidemiology of the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Europe, 2011. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1121491109
- The paper
- Grad, Y. H., Lipsitch, M., Feldgarden, M., Arachchi, H. M., Cerqueira, G. C., FitzGerald, M., Godfrey, P., Haas, B. J., Murphy, C. I., Russ, C., Sykes, S., Walker, B. J., Wortman, J. R., Young, S., Zeng, Q., Abouelleil, A., Bochicchio, J., Chauvin, S., DeSmet, T., . . . Hanage, W. P. (2012). Genomic epidemiology of the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Europe, 2011. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121491109
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.