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Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain
Open accessAbstract
Significance: The existing literature on the long-term effects of marijuana on the brain provides an inconsistent picture (i.e., presence or absence of structural changes) due to methodological differences across studies. We overcame these methodological issues by collecting multimodal measures in a large group of chronic marijuana using adults with a wide age range that allows for characterization of changes across lifespan without developmental or maturational biases as in other studies. Our findings suggest that chronic marijuana use is associated with complex neuroadaptive processes and that onset and duration of use have unique effects on these processes.
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“higher FA has been observed following regular initial marijuana use, but FA then decreases with extended use (Filbey et al., 2014).”
From Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research (2019) · cites this paper as Filbey et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“The relationship between RD and cannabis use is similarly mixed, with studies finding higher (Ashtari et al., 2009; Becker, Collins, Lim, Muetzel, & Luciana, 2015; Jakabek et al., 2016), lower (Filbey et al., 2014; Jakabek et al., 2016), or nonsignificant (Shollenbarger et al., 2015) differences in cannabis users relative to controls.”
From Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research (2019) · cites this paper as Filbey et al., 2014
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The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies
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“Nonetheless, other studies have found effects on orbitofrontal connectivity whereby structural fractional anisotropy in the forceps minor increased with regular use but then decreased following long-term heavy use (Filbey et al., 2014), which would support an effect of drug use on structural connectivity.”
BackgroundResultThe Role of cannabinoids in neuroanatomic alterations in cannabis users.
Lorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., & Yücel, M. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.013 · Cited by 208
“Lifetime episodes of cannabis use ranged from 402 (60) to 5625 (42).”
BackgroundInfluentialCannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact
Murray, R. M., Englund, A., Abi‐Dargham, A., Lewis, D. A., Forti, M. D., Davies, C., Sherif, M. A., McGuire, P. K., & D’Souza, D. C. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018 · Cited by 210
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Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse
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“In another recent study, marijuana use was associated with reduced gray matter volume of the OFC and with increased functional and structural connectivities in the forceps minor pathway (Filbey et al., 2014).”
BackgroundDaily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults
Weiland, B. J., Thayer, R. E., Depue, B. E., Sabbineni, A., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2946-14.2015 · Cited by 141
“A number of systematic differences in these factors may have contributed to the group differences found in previous studies (Filbey et al., 2014; Gilman et al., 2014) or masked an effect in this study.”
ResultLorenzetti, V., Chye, Y., Silva, P., Solowij, N., & Roberts, C. A. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-00979-1 · Cited by 125
Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications
Leinen, Z. J., Mohan, R., Premadasa, L. S., Acharya, A., Mohan, M., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11102630 · Cited by 114
“…brain regions [33,34,75–77]. and internalizing problems However, most studies found that cannabis use decreased the volume In these studies, the most significant reduction in brain volume was detected in the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala. of brain regions [33,34,75–77].”
BackgroundNader, D. A., & Sanchez, Z. M. (2017) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1306746 · Cited by 119
“Findings such as hypoactivity in the right DLPFC (17,56,58) and in the ACC (55–57,60,63) have been replicated.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAre medical marijuana users different from recreational users? The view from primary care
Roy‐Byrne, P., Maynard, C. C., Bumgardner, K., Krupski, A., Dunn, C. W., West, I. I., Donovan, D. M., Atkins, D. C., & Ries, R. K. (2015) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12270 · Cited by 103
Association of Marijuana Use With Blunted Nucleus Accumbens Response to Reward Anticipation
Martz, M. E., Trucco, E. M., Cope, L. M., Hardee, J. E., Jester, J. M., Zucker, R. A., & Heitzeg, M. M. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1161 · Cited by 103
Deconstructing the neurobiology of cannabis use disorder
Ferland, J. N., & Hurd, Y. L. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0611-0 · Cited by 103
Jacobus, J., Squeglia, L. M., Meruelo, A. D., Castro, N., Brumback, T., Giedd, J. N., & Tapert, S. F. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.04.006 · Cited by 104
“…at age 17 (near initiation), but likely changes as the ndividual continues to chronically use substances and increase in ge (Cheetham et al., 2012; Filbey et al., 2014; Jacobus et al., 2013a; queglia et al., 2014) Lopez-Larson and colleagues (2011) cross-sectionally investiated cortical thickness…”
BackgroundHampton, W. H., Hanik, I. M., & Olson, I. R. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005 · Cited by 95
“Specifically, higher FA has been observed following regular initial marijuana use, but FA then decreases with extended use (Filbey et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSagar, K. A., Dahlgren, M. K., Gönenç, A., Racine, M. T., Dreman, M. W., & Gruber, S. A. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.03.003 · Cited by 101
“, 2002), IQ (Filbey et al., 2014; Meier et al., 2012; ope et al., 2003), and executive function (Fontes et al.”
Castellanos-Ryan, N., Pingault, J.-B., Parent, S., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R. E., & Séguin, J. R. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416001280 · Cited by 111
“, 2010), and alterations in neural activity related to the processing of motivationally relevant stimuli and errors (Fridberg, Skosnik, Hetrick, & O’Donnell, 2013); and (b) CU is associated with reduced gray matter in the OFC (particularly the right medial OFC), a brain region involved in reward processing and motivat…”
BackgroundLuby, J. L., Arpana Agrawal, A., Belden, A. C., Whalen, D. J., Tillman, R., & Barch, D. M. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17070777 · Cited by 86
“Accordingly, atypical orbitofrontal cortical functional connectivity has been noted in heavy marijuana and alcohol users (13, 16, 35, 65, 66).”
Blest‐Hopley, G., Colizzi, M., Giampietro, V., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00859 · Cited by 85
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“However, the alcohol dependence may still be the dominant factor contributing to the brain abnormalities between ADPs and HCs according to previous study [53].”
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Longitudinal changes in white matter microstructure after heavy cannabis use
Becker, M. P., Collins, P. F., Lim, K. O., Muetzel, R. L., & Luciana, M. M. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.004 · Cited by 82
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The Impact of Combinations of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Cannabis on Dynamic Brain Connectivity
Vergara, V. M., Weiland, B. J., Hutchison, K. E., & Calhoun, V. D. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.280 · Cited by 72
“In addition to the reward system, cannabis also produces alterations of functional connectivity that include the orbitofrontal cortex (Filbey et al, 2014), default mode network, and insula (Pujol et al, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAlcohol consumption during adolescence is associated with reduced grey matter volumes
Heikkinen, N., Niskanen, E. I., Könönen, M., Tolmunen, T., Kekkonen, V., Kivimäki, P., Tanila, H., Laukkanen, E., & Vanninen, R. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13697 · Cited by 79
“stance abuse, most often regular marijuana use [18,26], with reported effects on brain volumes [59].”
BackgroundFilbey, F. M., McQueeny, T. M., DeWitt, S. J., & Mishra, V. R. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.001 · Cited by 69
Self-citationCannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor mechanisms underlie cannabis reward and aversion in rats
Spiller, K. J., Bi, G., He, Y., Galaj, E., Gardner, E. L., & Xi, Z. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14625 · Cited by 67
“Such differential CB1 versus CB2 receptor effects may also partially explain some of the difficulty in parsing the neurological effects of cannabis use (Filbey et al., 2014).”
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“This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).”
InfluentialSagar, K. A., & Gruber, S. A. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1460334 · Cited by 64
“formance and alterations in brain structure and function (Batalla et al., 2013; Battistella et al., 2014; Broyd et al., 2016; Crane et al., 2013; Crean, Crane, & Mason, 2011; Filbey et al., 2014; Ganzer et al., 2016; Gruber & Sagar, 2017; Lisdahl et al., 2014; Lorenzetti et al., 2016; Nader & Sanchez, 2017; Weinstein,…”
BackgroundSubcortical Local Functional Hyperconnectivity in Cannabis Dependence
Manza, P., Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.004 · Cited by 58
“Intriguingly, a similar pattern of nucleus accumbens–orbitofrontal cortex hyperconnectivity was reported in individuals with CA (15).”
BackgroundQuality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System
Reis, R. A. D. M., Isaac, A. R., Freitas, H. R., de Almeida, M. M., Schuck, P. F., Ferreira, G. C., Andrade‐da‐Costa, B. L. D. S., & Trevenzoli, I. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.747229 · Cited by 64
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Karoly, H. C., Bryan, A. D., Weiland, B. J., Mayer, A. R., Dodd, A. B., & Ewing, S. W. F. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.05.005 · Cited by 61
Marijuana effects on changes in brain structure and cognitive function among HIV+ and HIV− adults
Thames, A. D., Kuhn, T. P., Williamson, T. J., Jones, J. D., Mahmood, Z., & Hammond, A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.007 · Cited by 52
“…in gray matter volume, with users showing reduced volume in bilateral orbitalfrontal region and higher functional connectivity in the orbitofrontal network (i.e., bilateral orbitofrontal and bilateral temporal gyri) during resting states, suggesting compensatory mechanisms (Filbey et al, 2014).”
Brain structural changes in cannabis dependence: association with MAGL
Manza, P., Yuan, K., Kojori, E. S., Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0577-z · Cited by 51
THC and CBD: Villain versus Hero? Insights into Adolescent Exposure
Pintori, N., Caria, F., Luca, M. A. D., & Miliano, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065251 · Cited by 48
Chye, Y., Solowij, N., Suo, C., Batalla, A., Cousijn, J., Goudriaan, A. E., Martín‐Santos, R., Whittle, S., Lorenzetti, V., & Yücel, M. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4606-9 · Cited by 46
“reduced thickness and volume) in CB and other substance use (Churchwell et al. 2010; Ersche et al. 2011; Battistella et al. 2014; Filbey et al. 2014; Li et al. 2015) have rarely distinguished between CB-nondep and CB-dep users, and changes in OFC morphology specific to CB-dep are unexplored.”
BackgroundResultOverweight adolescents’ brain response to sweetened beverages mirrors addiction pathways
Ewing, S. W. F., Claus, E. D., Hudson, K. A., Filbey, F. M., Jimenez, E. Y., Lisdahl, K. M., & Kong, A. S. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9564-z · Cited by 47
“…high calorie beverage processing was interesting, as this region has not been associated with overweight/obesity in other adolescent studies (Yokum et al. 2014), but has been found to be a prominent neural substrate across adolescent addictive behaviors (e.g., cannabis use) (Filbey et al. 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPluskal, T., & Weng, J. (2017) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00411g · Cited by 46
Structural neuroimaging correlates of alcohol and cannabis use in adolescents and adults
Thayer, R. E., YorkWilliams, S., Karoly, H. C., Sabbineni, A., Ewing, S. F., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13923 · Cited by 57
Jakabek, D., Yücel, M., Lorenzetti, V., & Solowij, N. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4398-3 · Cited by 44
“Our finding of lower FA in the forceps minor tract has been demonstrated in the literature for younger users (Ashtari et al. 2009; Filbey et al. 2014), although Becker et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSteele, V. R., Maurer, J. M., Arbabshirani, M. R., Claus, E. D., Fink, B. C., Rao, V. R., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.07.003 · Cited by 42
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Cannabis users exhibit increased cortical activation during resting state compared to non-users
Prashad, S., Dedrick, E. S., & Filbey, F. M. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.031 · Cited by 43
“Based on previous functional connectivity fMRI studies (Filbey and Yezhuvath, 2013; Filbey et al., 2014), we hypothesized an increase in spectral coherence in cannabis users.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPros and Cons of Medical Cannabis use by People with Chronic Brain Disorders
Suryadevara, U., Bruijnzeel, D. M., Nuthi, M., Jagnarine, D. A., Tandon, R., & Bruijnzeel, A. W. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666161101095325 · Cited by 43
“Cannabis use-induced decreases in brain volume have been reported for the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala [69, 73-76].”
BackgroundFilbey, F. M., Aslan, S., Lu, H., & Peng, S. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.44 · Cited by 41
“We found greater regional CBF in the right pallidum/putamen in users compared with nonusers, in line with reported functional and structural changes in this critical region in long-term cannabis users (Filbey et al, 2014).”
ResultSelf-citationAging circadian rhythms and cannabinoids
Hodges, E. L., & Ashpole, N. M. (2019) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.008 · Cited by 44
“15mg/kg in humans) are consistently reported to disrupt cognitive function in rodents and produce psychoactive effects in humans (Abel, 1971, 1975; Bolla et al., 2002; Essman, 1984; Filbey et al., 2014; Heyser et al., 1993).”
BackgroundWarnick, B. J., Kier, A. S., LaFrance, E. M., & Cuttler, C. (2021) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106088 · Cited by 44
Mouro, F. M., Ribeiro, J. A., Sebastião, A. M., & Dawson, N. (2018) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14549 · Cited by 41
Transforming brain signals related to value evaluation and self‐control into behavioral choices
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“For example, Filbey et al. (2014) found that the quadratic relationship between duration of marijuana use and forceps minor's fractional anisotropy.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWoodruff, S. I., & Shillington, A. M. (2016) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12401 · Cited by 38
Community detection in complex networks: From statistical foundations to data science applications
Dey, A. K., Tian, Y., & Gel, Y. R. (2021) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Statistics · doi:10.1002/wics.1566 · Cited by 41
“…o, 2019; Tien et al., 2020; Weaver et al., 2018) to identifying parts of the brain potentially affected by marijuana use (Brumback et al., 2016; Filbey et al., 2014; Hurd et al., 2019), to tracking whale clubs, and grouping malicious addresses on blockchain (Akcora, Li, et al., 2020; Goldsmith…”
BackgroundThe role of decision-making in cannabis-related problems among young adults
González, R., Schuster, R. M., Mermelstein, R. M., & Diviak, K. R. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.046 · Cited by 43
Effects of Marijuana Use on Brain Structure and Function
Brumback, T., Castro, N., Jacobus, J., & Tapert, S. F. (2016) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.004 · Cited by 38
“…decreased volume and structural connectivity in WM tracts (ie, decreased FA), may indicate a compensatory mechanism or “neural scaffolding” effect, wherein neurodevelopmental trajectories are modulated by exposure to marijuana and result in long-term functional alterations (Filbey et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWang, J., Fan, Y., Dong, Y., Ma, M., Dong, Y., Niu, Y., Jiang, Y., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wu, L., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196860 · Cited by 37
Ritchay, M. M., Huggins, A. A., Wallace, A. L., Larson, C. L., & Lisdahl, K. M. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102664 · Cited by 34
“Exposure to cannabinoids during development is associated with gray matter (Filbey et al., 2014; Gilman et al., 2014), white matter (Filbey et al.”
Aberrant orbitofrontal connectivity in marijuana smoking adolescents
Lopez-Larson, M. P., Rogowska, J., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.002 · Cited by 36
Filbey, F. M., Gohel, S., Prashad, S., & Biswal, B. B. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1690-5 · Cited by 35
“Individually, each substance has been associated with alterations in brain structure (cannabis: Cousijn et al. 2012; Gilman et al. 2014; Filbey et al. 2014; nicotine: Brody et al. 2004; Yu et al. 2011; Liao et al. 2012) and function (cannabis: Filbey and Yezhuvath 2013; Cousijn et al.”
InfluentialSelf-citationA Review of Cases of Marijuana and Violence
Miller, N. S., Ipeku, R., & Oberbarnscheidt, T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051578 · Cited by 36
“The investigators of Schizophrenia Commission concluded that cannabis use is the most preventable risk factor for psychosis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
BackgroundMejia, M. H., Wade, N. E., Baca, R. E., Diaz, V. G., & Jacobus, J. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.021 · Cited by 39
Orbitofrontal connectivity is associated with depression and anxiety in marijuana-using adolescents
Subramaniam, P., Rogowska, J., DiMuzio, J. M., Lopez-Larson, M. P., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.002 · Cited by 33
Blest‐Hopley, G., Giampietro, V., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10020102 · Cited by 38
Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Brain Morphology: A Review of the Evidence
Chye, Y., Kirkham, R., Lorenzetti, V., McTavish, E., Solowij, N., & Yücel, M. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.009 · Cited by 34
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol promotes oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination in vivo
Huerga-Gómez, A., Aguado, T., Torre, A. S.-D. L., Bernal‐Chico, A., Matute, C., Mato, S., Guzmán, M., Galve‐Roperh, I., & Palazuelos, J. (2020) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23911 · Cited by 35
“…Paschall, & Banich, 2016), with greater functional connectivity in orbitofrontal cortex network and increased structural connectivity of the forceps minor of cannabis users, which in turn has been suggested to reflect better myelination and/or intact axons (Filbey et al., 2014; Song et al., 2002).”
BackgroundLong lasting effects of chronic heavy cannabis abuse
Nestoros, J. N., Vakonaki, E., Tzatzarakis, M. N., Alegakis, A. K., Skondras, M., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2017) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12529 · Cited by 32
Leos‐Toro, C., Rynard, V. L., & Hammond, D. G. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.108.5955 · Cited by 31
Hyde, C., Fuelscher, I., Enticott, P., Jones, D., Farquharson, S., Silk, T., Williams, J., & Caeyenberghs, K. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101625 · Cited by 29
Sagar, K. A., Dahlgren, M. K., Racine, M. T., Dreman, M. W., Olson, D. P., & Gruber, S. A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157060 · Cited by 35
Cousijn, J., Toenders, Y. J., van Velzen, L. S., & Kaag, A. M. (2021) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13081 · Cited by 31
“(2014), who reported a non-significant effect.(20) Moreover, the difficulties of reliably assessing cannabis use history and potential”
BackgroundBuilding smart cannabis policy from the science up
Weiss, S. R. B., Howlett, K. D., & Baler, R. (2017) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.01.007 · Cited by 35
Meier, M. H., Schriber, R. A., Beardslee, J., Hanson, J. L., & Pardini, D. A. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.012 · Cited by 30
“, grey matter shape and density, white matter integrity) or functional brain differences in adulthood, which have been shown to be related, in some studies, to earlier-onset cannabis use (Filbey et al., 2014; Gruber et al., 2014; Orr et al., 2016).”
Altered fronto-occipital connectivity during visual selective attention in regular cannabis users
Rangel-Pacheco, A., Lew, B. J., Schantell, M. D., Frenzel, M. R., Eastman, J. A., Wiesman, A. I., & Wilson, T. W. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05717-3 · Cited by 30
Abnormal white matter integrity in synthetic cannabinoid users
Zorlu, N., Biase, M. A. D., Kalaycı, Ç. Ç., Zalesky, A., Bağcı, B., Oğuz, N., Gelal, F. M., Beşiroğlu, L., Gülseren, Ş., Sarıçiçek, A., et al. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.08.015 · Cited by 29
Gray-matter structure in long-term abstinent methamphetamine users
Nie, L., Zhao, Z., Wen, X., Luo, W. F., Ju, T., Ren, A., Wu, B., & Li, J. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02567-3 · Cited by 27
Association Between Use of Cannabis in Adolescence and Weight Change into Midlife
Jin, L. Z., Rangan, A., Mehlsen, J., Andersen, L. B., Larsen, S. C., & Heitmann, B. L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168897 · Cited by 27
“Despite of the fact that previous studies have found that up to 90% of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, an active ingredient of cannabis) is excreted within 5 days of administration [5] the effects of THC on brain, especially the morphological changes happening in the CB1 receptor rich orbitofrontal cortex, seems substantia…”
Hill, S., Shanahan, L., Costello, E. J., & Copeland, W. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.012 · Cited by 27
Gillespie, N. A., Neale, M. C., Bates, T. C., Eyler, L. T., Fennema‐Notestine, C., Vassileva, J., Lyons, M. J., Prom‐Wormley, E. C., McMahon, K. L., Thompson, P. M., et al. (2018) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14252 · Cited by 27
“We reviewed 24 studies (7-30), one review (31), and one meta-analysis (32) examining GMV and SU.”
Synergistic effects of HIV and marijuana use on functional brain network organization
Hall, S. A., Lalee, Z., Bell, R. P., Towe, S. L., & Meade, C. S. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110040 · Cited by 27
“Independent of HIV, individuals who use marijuana generally show increased connectivity between regions across the brain during resting state (Cheng et al., 2014; Filbey et al., 2014; Lopez-Larson, Rogowska, & YurgelunTodd, 2015; C. Orr et al., 2013), but this literature is also mixed (C.”
BackgroundHill, S. Y., Sharma, V., & Jones, B. L. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.05.009 · Cited by 26
Brain Mechanisms of Change in Addiction Treatment: Models, Methods, and Emerging Findings
Chung, T. A., Noronha, A., Carroll, K. M., Potenza, M. N., Hutchison, K. E., Calhoun, V. D., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Morgenstern, J., Nixon, S. J., Wexler, B. E., et al. (2016) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-016-0113-z · Cited by 26
Self-citationEwing, S. W. F., Filbey, F. M., Loughran, T. A., Chassin, L., & Piquero, A. R. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000076 · Cited by 25
Self-citationCreagh, S. (2018) · Clinical Radiology & Imaging Journal · doi:10.23880/crij-16000116 · Cited by 25
“Previous studies have found that chronic marijuana users present with a decreased brain volume in the orbito frontal cortex (OFC), a brain region that is related to addiction, but otherwise demonstrate increased brain connectivity [3].”
BackgroundVakharia, R. M., Mannino, A., Salem, H. S., Roche, M. W., Wong, C. H. J., & Mont, M. A. (2021) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.103b7.bjj-2020-2424.r1 · Cited by 24
Cannabis Use and Resting State Functional Connectivity in the Aging Brain
Watson, K. K., Bryan, A. D., Thayer, R. E., Ellingson, J. M., Skrzynski, C. J., & Hutchison, K. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.804890 · Cited by 24
“First we investigate differences between cannabis users and non-users using orbitofrontal cortex as the seed region, given that both anatomical (Filbey et al., 2014; Chye et al., 2017; Lorenzetti et al., 2019) and functional (Filbey et al.”
BackgroundMethodCannabis use among recently treated cancer patients: perceptions and experiences
Salz, T., Meza, A. M., Chino, F. L., Mao, J. J. J., Raghunathan, N. J., Jinna, S., Brens, J., Furberg, H. F., & Korenstein, D. R. (2023) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-023-07994-y · Cited by 24
Lei, W., Deng, W., Li, M., He, Z., Han, Y., Huang, C., Ma, X., Wang, Q., Guo, W., Li, Y., et al. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.015 · Cited by 24
“A relatively small Gaussian kernel of 6 mm was chosen to improve the signal-to-noise ratio while still maintain the sensitivity to detect small brain structural changes in patients (Tognin et al., 2012; Filbey et al., 2014; García-Casares et al., 2014).”
BackgroundDistinct effects of childhood ADHD and cannabis use on brain functional architecture in young adults
Kelly, C. A. M., Castellanos, F. X., Tomaselli, O., Lisdahl, K. M., Tamm, L., Jernigan, T. L., Newman, E. R., Epstein, J. N., Molina, B. S. G., Greenhill, L. L., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.012 · Cited by 25
Nicholls, C., Bruno, R., & Matthews, A. J. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.07.013 · Cited by 27
“For example, a recent structural MRI study reported evidence for neuro-adaptive changes in the orbitofrontal cortex, such that chronic cannabis users showed a reduction in volume coupled with greater functional connectivity (Filbey et al., 2014).”
BackgroundThomson, H. M., Labuschagne, I., Greenwood, L., Robinson, E., Sehl, H., Suo, C., & Lorenzetti, V. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05938-0 · Cited by 24
“Evidence from rsFC fMRI studies comparing regular cannabis users and controls supports functional alterations in frontal-striatal region pairings (Blanco-Hinojo et al. 2017; Filbey et al. 2014; Lopez-Larson et al. 2015; Subramaniam et al. 2018).”
BackgroundJain, S., Cloud, G. W., Gordon, A. M., Lam, A. W., Vakharia, R. M., Saleh, A., & Razi, A. E. (2022) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682221093965 · Cited by 22
Tveleneva, A., Kim, S. J., Minich, M., Liu, J., Padon, A. A., Silver, L. D., & Yang, S. (2022) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2022.2153291 · Cited by 22
“, 2011), impact on brain development and functioning (Batalla et al., 2013; Filbey et al., 2014), pulmonary (Aldington et al.”
BackgroundAmen, D., Darmal, B., Raji, C. A., Bao, W., Jorandby, L., Meysami, S., & Raghavendra, C. S. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160833 · Cited by 22
“A thirdstudyusingstructuralmagneticresonanceimag-ing(MRI)demonstratedadecreaseinorbitofrontal cortexvolumeinchronicmarijuanausers[11].”
Robinson, E. A., Gleeson, J., Arun, A. H., Clemente, A., Gaillard, A., Rossetti, M. G., Brambilla, P., Bellani, M., Crisanti, C., Curran, H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroimaging · doi:10.3389/fnimg.2023.1129587 · Cited by 22
Boer, O. D., Marroun, H. E., & Muetzel, R. L. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02471-2 · Cited by 24
“Smaller or thinner frontal regions were also reported in another study where cannabis use was prospectively ascertained for 8 years [58], and in studies that assessed up to 10 years of cannabis use retrospectively [59 – 62].”
Episodic foresight deficits in regular, but not recreational, cannabis users
Mercuri, K., Terrett, G., Henry, J. D., Curran, H. V., Elliott, M., & Rendell, P. G. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118776672 · Cited by 21
Thijssen, S., Rashid, B., Gopal, S., Nyalakanti, P. K., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.045 · Cited by 20
“Duration of alcohol use was associated with the right frontoparietal network (Jansen et al., 2015; Jansen et al., 2015; Wetherhill et al., 2012), the salience network (Muller-Oehring et al., 2014; Sullivan et al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2017), the ECN (Muller-Oehring et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2017), the dorsal attention ne…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationInteraction of Cannabis Use and Aging: From Molecule to Mind
Yoo, H. B., DiMuzio, J. M., & Filbey, F. M. (2019) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2019.1665218 · Cited by 21
“gray matter loss in the orbitofrontal cortex (Arnone et al., 2008; Filbey et al., 2014; Gruber, Silveri, Dahlgren, & Yurgelun-Todd, 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Filbey, F. M., Aslan, S., Calhoun, V. D., Spence, J. S., Damaraju, E., Caprihan, A., & Segall, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- IBM (United States) (US)
- Mind Research Network (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-11-10
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- 16913-16918
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4250161
- OpenAlex
- W2160384401
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 23
- FWCI
- 16.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA021632, R01DA030344)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cannabis use, chronic cannabis use, brain structure, gray matter volume, orbitofrontal cortex, functional connectivity, structural connectivity, forceps minor, white matter integrity, age of onset, neural adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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