The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Theta-gamma coordination between anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex indexes correct attention shifts
Open accessAbstract
Significance: During flexible goal-directed behavior, our frontal cortex coordinates goal-relevant information from widely distributed neuronal systems to prioritize the relevant over irrelevant information. This coordination may be realized by entraining multiple distributed systems with slow activity oscillation to phase-align their local fast oscillatory activity. We analyzed this spatially distributed oscillatory coupling in macaques during actual attentional stimulus selection. We identified that successful—but not failed—selection of relevant information followed the coupling of slow and fast frequencies at narrow oscillation phases, with interareal anatomical specificity, and based on a reset mechanism for the slow oscillation. These findings suggest a specific functional and mechanistic solution to the fundamental coordination problem in primate brains.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, stronger theta-gamma coupling has been shown to be related to attention modulations (Canolty et al. 2006;Voloh et al. 2015).”
From Brain–Heart Interactions Underlying Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Meditation (2019) · cites this paper as Voloh et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, monks exhibited unique, strong gamma to theta directional coupling during meditation, which, based on the significant evidence implicating theta-gamma coupling's importance in attentional tasks (Canolty et al. 2006;Voloh et al. 2015), we believe to be directly related to the monks' attentional focus and processing.”
From Brain–Heart Interactions Underlying Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Meditation (2019) · cites this paper as Voloh et al. 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Baltosser, W. H., & Zar, J. H. (1996) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/2265725 · Cited by 35,166
Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data
Maris, E., & Oostenveld, R. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024 · Cited by 8,496
CircStat : A MATLAB Toolbox for Circular Statistics
Berens, P. (2009) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v031.i10 · Cited by 3,099
The expected value of control: an integrative theory of anterior cingulate cortex function
Shenhav, A., Botvinick, M. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.07.007 · Cited by 2,321
Lisman, J. E., & Jensen, O. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.007 · Cited by 1,609
Frequency of gamma oscillations routes flow of information in the hippocampus
Colgin, L. L., Denninger, T., Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., Bonnevie, T., Jensen, O. B., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08573 · Cited by 1,489
Measuring Phase-Amplitude Coupling Between Neuronal Oscillations of Different Frequencies
Tort, A. B. L., Komorowski, R. W., Eichenbaum, H., & Kopell, N. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00106.2010 · Cited by 1,454
High-frequency, long-range coupling between prefrontal and visual cortex during attention
Gregoriou, G. G., Gotts, S. J., Zhou, H., & Desimone, R. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171402 · Cited by 1,194
Frontal cortex and reward-guided learning and decision-making
Rushworth, M. F. S., Noonan, M. P., Boorman, E. D., Walton, M. E., & Behrens, T. E. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.014 · Cited by 1,111
Entrainment of Neocortical Neurons and Gamma Oscillations by the Hippocampal Theta Rhythm
Sirota, A., Montgomery, S., Fujisawa, S., Isomura, Y., Zugaro, M., & Buzsáki, G. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.014 · Cited by 1,015
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–155 of 155
Sex differences in anxiety and threat avoidance in GAD65 knock-out mice
Ulrich, M., Pollali, E., Çalışkan, G., Stork, O., & Albrecht, A. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106165 · Cited by 5
Wang, Y., Shangguan, C., Li, S., & Zhang, W. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70092 · Cited by 6
Subsystem resetting of a heterogeneous network of theta neurons
Zhao, N., Laing, C. R., Song, J., & Liu, S. (2025) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2025.130416 · Cited by 5
Voloh, B., Knoebl, R., Hayden, B. Y., & Zimmermann, J. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.003 · Cited by 5
Self-citationMock, V. L., Luke, K. L., Hembrook‐Short, J. R., & Briggs, F. (2018) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00469.2018 · Cited by 5
Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Hou, X., Li, H., Ma, H., & Li, Y. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18040455 · Cited by 4
Evidence for an Active Handoff between Hemispheres during Target Tracking
Broschard, M. B., Roy, J. E., Brincat, S. L., Mahnke, M. K., & Miller, E. K. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0841-25.2025 · Cited by 4
Boroujeni, K. B., Balaram, P., Tiesinga, P. H. E., & Womelsdorf, T. (2025) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102873 · Cited by 4
Self-citationClosed-loop stimulation modulates attention shifting in children
Warsi, N. M., Wong, S. M., Mithani, K., Coleman, S. C., Arski, O. N., Suresh, H., Germann, J., Boutet, A., Erdman, L., Gouveia, F. V., et al. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02294-0 · Cited by 4
Low-latency VLSI architecture for neural cross-frequency coupling analysis
O’Leary, G., Valiante, T. A., & Genov, R. (2017) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037302 · Cited by 4
Self-citationNeurophysiological Perspective on Allostasis and Homeostasis: Dynamic Adaptation in Viable Systems
Mushiake, H. (2022) · Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics · doi:10.20965/jrm.2022.p0710 · Cited by 4
Evidence for a constant occipital spotlight of attention using MVPA on EEG data
Melcón, M., van Bree, S., Sánchez‐Carro, Y., Barreiro-Fernández, L., Kolibius, L. D., Alzueta, E., Wimber, M., Capilla, A., & Hanslmayr, S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320233 · Cited by 3
Hussain, Y., Suraweera, B. G. S., & Malik, A. S. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106426 · Cited by 3
Dede, A. J. O., Cross, Z. R., Gray, S. M., Kelly, J. P., Yin, Q., Vahidi, P., Asano, E., Schuele, S., Rosenow, J. M., Wu, J. Y., et al. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003481 · Cited by 3
Neural Correlates of Encoding in Novel Word Learning
Korochkina, M., Sowman, P. F., Nickels, L., & Bürki, A. (2023) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.57525 · Cited by 3
Womelsdorf, T. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.011 · Cited by 3
Self-citationAli, R. A., Gollwitzer, S., Reindl, C., Hamer, H. M., Coras, R., Blümcke, I., Buchfelder, M., Hastreiter, P., & Rampp, S. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109484 · Cited by 2
Moore, J., Farquharson, K., & Lotter, C. B. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13050465 · Cited by 3
Theta–gamma tACS modulates attention network synchronization, not isolated network performance
Diedrich, L., Kolhoff, H. I., Bergmann, C., Chakraborty, S., & Antal, A. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149550 · Cited by 2
Beauchene, C., Hinault, T., Sarma, S. V., & Courtney, S. M. (2022) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-022-00153-2 · Cited by 2
Sinha, R., Kyriaki, L., Cross, Z. R., Weigall, I., & Chatburn, A. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2397-521020210000005003 · Cited by 2
Callaghan, E., Holland, C., & Kessler, K. (2018) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 2
Verbeke, P., & Verguts, T. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/457150 · Cited by 2
Sun, J., Tang, Y. C., Chang, J., Lin, J., Luo, L., Li, Y., Wu, G., Hu, Y., Zheng, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70816 · Cited by 1
Ülker, S. V., Çınaroğlu, M., Yılmazer, E., & Tarlacı, S. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14238341 · Cited by 1
Xu, Z., Zhang, S., Liu, S., & Yang, Y. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-06205-9 · Cited by 1
EEG Cortical Sources of Theta, Beta and Gamma Frequencies Orchestrate Audio–Visual Interactions
Dubey, M., Chitturi, V., Tayade, P., Sharma, R., & Kaur, S. (2024) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531241262193 · Cited by 1
Tsolias, A., Mojica, C. A., Yamani, R., Khanna, S., Abdullatif, S. A., Snyder, B. J., Chang, W., Guillamón-Vivancos, T., Goodliffe, J. W., Capriglione, A. L., et al. (2026) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-026-09866-7 · Cited by 1
Cross-frequency coordination in a hippocampo–cortical circuit during probabilistic reversal learning
Aguilera, A., Espinosa, N., Caneo, M., Lazcano, G., Lara-Vásquez, A., & Fuentealba, P. (2026) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10478-4 · Cited by 1
Parallel anterior cingulate cortex pathways underlie dissociable social and attentional outputs
Wang, F., Chen, M., Lyu, M., Zhang, Y., Sun, H., Lu, Y., Cui, D., Xu, W., Lyu, Y., Zhai, Y., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aec8032 · Cited by 1
Zhang, J., Cogan, G. B., & Egner, T. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106872 · Cited by 1
Tashakori-Sabzevar, F., Munn, R. G. K., Bilkey, D. K., & Ward, R. D. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109266 · Cited by 1
Anterior Cingulate Cortex for Consistency CurationPreprint
Thomsen, K. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zc2rv · Cited by 1
Broggini, A. C., Onorato, I., Τζάνου, Α., Sotomayor-Gómez, B., Uran, C., & Vinck, M. A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.10.536138 · Cited by 1
Kim, J., & Widge, A. S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682151 · Cited by 1
Theta-based organization of information in the frontal cortex
Broschard, M. B., Brincat, S. L., Loonis, R. F., & Miller, E. K. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.729810 · Cited by 1
Investigating Cognitive Control And Task Switching Using The Macaque Oculomotor System
Chan, J. L. (2017) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
A Scalable Real-Time Architecture for Neural Oscillation Detection and Phase-Specific StimulationPreprint
Thomas, C., & Womelsdorf, T. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.07264
Self-citationHigh-frequency Oscillations in Children with Epilepsy and Neural Oscillations that Support Attention
Wong, S. M. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Theta phase mediates deliberate action switching in human Supplementary Motor AreasPreprint
Maffei, G., Zucca, R., Puigbò, J.-Y., Santos-Pata, D., Galli, M., Campo, A. T., Rocamora, R., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442965
Alexander, W., & Womelsdorf, T. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/m9xh3
Self-citationModulation of Neural Cross Frequency Coupling analysis in VLSI Architecture
Anusha, M., J, P. M. R. S., & R, M. N. J. (2020) · International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development
Stier, C. (2022) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-9165
Brain Oscillation Markers of Errors in the Task of Shifting and Maintaining Visual AttentionPreprint
Ovakimian, A. S., & Karimova, E. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4612931
Auditory Biomarkers of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Nonhuman Primates
O’Connell, M. N., & Barczak, A. (2024) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_9
Time, Theta, and Theory: A Critical Look at Recurring Cortical Rhythms
Thibault, N., & Srinivasan, N. (2025) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1177/21580014251392234
EEG-Based Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Computational Modeling During Audiovisual Bistable Perception
Zakeri, S., & Araki, O. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-4378-6_33
Doehring, N., Erhard, P., & Herrmann, M. (2026) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2026.2684435
Rosenfeld, L. F. G., Silton, R. L., & Yuen, E. K. (2026) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116399
Paneri, S., Sapountzis, P., & Gregoriou, G. G. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.24.746662
Metadata
- Authors
- Voloh, B., Valiante, T. A., Everling, S., & Womelsdorf, T.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-06-22
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 27
- Pages
- 8457-8462
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4500211
- OpenAlex
- W812715811
- Semantic Scholar
- f8afa6e3765ef9e3625ee22199593998ec505108
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 10.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- YorkSpace (York University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- anterior cingulate cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, attentional shift, burst firing, macaque cortex
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Algorithms, Animals, Attention, Choice Behavior, Cues, Discrimination, Psychological, Electrophysiology, Gyrus Cinguli, Macaca, Models, Neurological, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Theta Rhythm, Prefrontal Cortex, Gamma Rhythm
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
