Cited by 259Morphological variations and asymmetryAnimal Behavior and ReproductionAvian ecology and behavior

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The shapes of bird beaks are highly controlled by nondietary factors

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Bright, Jen A., Marugán-Lobón, Jesús, Cobb, Samuel N., Rayfield, Emily J.·2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1602683113PMC PMC4868483

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Abstract

Significance: We show that beak and skull shapes in birds of prey (“raptors”) are strongly coupled and largely controlled by size. This relationship means that, rather than being able to respond independently to natural selection, beak shapes are highly constrained to evolve in a particular way. The main aspects of shape variation seem to correspond with specific genes active during development. Because raptors are not each other’s closest relatives, similar shape constraints may therefore have been present in the ancestors of all modern songbirds, including Darwin’s finches, the classic example of explosive evolution in birds. If this hypothesis is true, then such classic examples may be unusual, needing first to break a genetic lock before their beaks could evolve new shapes.

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Authors: Bright, J. A., Marugán-Lobón, J., Cobb, S. N., & Rayfield, E. J.
Affiliations: University of Bristol (GB)
Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain;
University of York (GB)
Corresponding author: Bright, Jen A.
ORCID: Bright, Jen A.
Cobb, Samuel N.
Rayfield, Emily J.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2016-04-28
Volume: 113
Issue: 19
Pages: 5352-5357
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602683113
PMC: PMC4868483
OpenAlex: W2345261486
Cited by: 258
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 37.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.pnas.org/preview_site/misc/userlicense.xhtml (vor, 183 d)
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I011668/1, BB/I011714/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Keywords: raptors, body size, morphological integration, developmental constraints, regulatory genes, dietary adaptation, feeding ecology, morphological evolution, landbirds
MeSH terms: Animals, Beak, Diet, Biological Evolution, Feeding Behavior, Morphogenesis, Organ Size, Species Specificity, Raptors, Body Size

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The shapes of bird beaks are highly controlled by nondietary factors

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