The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stimulation of T cell autoreactivity by anomalous expression of NKG2D and its MIC ligands in rheumatoid arthritis
Open accessAbstract
Effector T cell responses can be modulated by competing positive or negative signals transduced by natural killer (NK) cell receptors. This raises the possibility that dominant T cell stimulation might promote autoimmune reactions. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the severity of autoimmune and inflammatory joint disease correlates with large numbers of CD4 + CD28 – T cells, which are scarce in healthy individuals. For poorly defined reasons, these T cells are autoreactive, implying that they may contribute to disease manifestations. CD4 + CD28 – T cells in peripheral blood and synovial tissue of RA patients were found to express NKG2D, a costimulatory receptor that is absent on normal CD4 T cells. NKG2D was induced by tumor necrosis factor α and IL-15, which are abundant in inflamed synovia and RA patient sera. RA synoviocytes aberrantly expressed the stress-inducible MIC ligands of NKG2D, which stimulated autologous CD4 + CD28 – T cell cytokine and proliferative responses. Peripheral blood serum samples of RA patients contained substantial amounts of synoviocyte-derived soluble MICA, which failed to induce down-modulation of NKG2D because of the opposing activity of tumor necrosis factor α and IL-15. These results suggest that a profound dysregulation of NKG2D and its MIC ligands may cause autoreactive T cell stimulation, thus promoting the self-perpetuating pathology in RA and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Ki-67 protein: From the known and the unknown
Scholzen, T., & Gerdes, J. (2000) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(200003)182:3<311::aid-jcp1>3.0.co;2-9 · Cited by 4,646
Activation of NK Cells and T Cells by NKG2D, a Receptor for Stress-Inducible MICA
Bauer, S., Groh, V., Wu, J., Steinle, A., Phillips, J. H., Lanier, L. L., & Spies, T. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.727 · Cited by 2,999
Self-citationROLE OF CYTOKINES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Feldmann, M., Brennan, F. M., & Maini, R. N. (1996) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.397 · Cited by 2,514
Tumour-derived soluble MIC ligands impair expression of NKG2D and T-cell activation
Groh, V., Wu, J., Yee, C., & Spies, T. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01112 · Cited by 1,592
Self-citationRavetch, J. V., & Lanier, L. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5489.84 · Cited by 1,283
Recognition of Stress-Induced MHC Molecules by Intestinal Epithelial γδ T Cells
Groh, V., Steinle, A., Bauer, S., & Spies, T. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5357.1737 · Cited by 1,142
Self-citationAn Activating Immunoreceptor Complex Formed by NKG2D and DAP10
Wu, J., Song, Y., Bakker, A. B. H., Bauer, S., Spies, T., Lanier, L. L., & Phillips, J. H. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.730 · Cited by 1,039
Self-citationBroad tumor-associated expression and recognition by tumor-derived γδ T cells of MICA and MICB
Groh, V., Rhinehart, R., Secrist, H., Bauer, S., Grabstein, K. H., & Spies, T. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6879 · Cited by 1,028
Self-citationGroh, V, Bahram, S., Bauer, S., Herman, A., Beauchamp, M., & Spies, T. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.22.12445 · Cited by 1,017
Self-citationCostimulation of CD8αβ T cells by NKG2D via engagement by MIC induced on virus-infected cells
Groh, V., Rhinehart, R., Randolph-Habecker, J., Topp, M. S., Riddell, S. R., & Spies, T. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/85321 · Cited by 951
Self-citation
Cited by
Lanier, L. L. (2005) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115526 · Cited by 2,769
Meresse, B., Chen, Z., Ciszewski, C., Tretiakova, M., Bhagat, G., Krausz, T. N., Raulet, D. H., Lanier, L. L., Groh, V., Spies, T., et al. (2004) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.06.020 · Cited by 855
Self-citationNKG2D-deficient mice are defective in tumor surveillance in models of spontaneous malignancy
Guerra, N., Tan, Y. X., Joncker, N. T., Choy, A., Gallardo, F., Xiong, N., Knoblaugh, S., Cado, D., Greenberg, N. R., & Raulet, D. H. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.02.016 · Cited by 850
Regulation of Ligands for the NKG2D Activating Receptor
Raulet, D. H., Gasser, S., Gowen, B. G., Deng, W., & Jung, H. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095951 · Cited by 848
A Direct Role for NKG2D/MICA Interaction in Villous Atrophy during Celiac Disease
Hüe, S., Mention, J.-J., Monteiro, R. C., Zhang, S., Cellier, C., Schmitz, J., Verkarre, V., Fodil, N., Bahram, S., Cerf-Bensussan, N., et al. (2004) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.06.018 · Cited by 759
Metadata
- Authors
- Groh, V., Brühl, A., El-Gabalawy, H., Nelson, J. L., & Spies, T.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-07-23
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 9452-9457
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2060387930
- Cited by
- 506
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 10.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Stimulation of T cell autoreactivity by anomalous expression of NKG2D and its MIC ligands in rheumatoid arthritis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1632807100
- The paper
- Groh, V., Brühl, A., El-Gabalawy, H., Nelson, J. L., & Spies, T. (2003). Stimulation of T cell autoreactivity by anomalous expression of NKG2D and its MIC ligands in rheumatoid arthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1632807100
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
