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Deprivation of glutamine in cell culture reveals its potential for treating cancer
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Transformed Balb 3T3 cells consume glutamine at a much faster rate than nontransformed cells. The stepwise decrease in glutamine concentration is paralleled by the decreased growth rate of the transformed cells. At the lowest concentration of glutamine used here, the transformed cells stop increasing, while the nontransformed cells continue to increase at a relatively rapid rate without visible damage to the cells. Related results were obtained in NIH 3T3 cells during the process of transformed focus formation. Widely varying the background of amino acids and serum concentrations did not alter the basic results. The findings call for similar experiments with a wider range of cell culture types, extension to experimental animals, and clinical trials in human cancers.
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Evidence for the necessity of glutamine for cancer progression is conflicted: some studies report tumours can grow well without glutamine, while others show cancers are glutamine-addicted.
“The evidence for the necessity of glutamine for cancer progression is conflicted: some studies have reported that tumours can grow well without glutamine [66,67], while others showed that cancers are glutamine-addicted [68,69,70].”
From HIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells (2021) · cites this paper as [70]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rubin, H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubin, Harry
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2019-03-15
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 6964-6968
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC6452721
- OpenAlex
- W2922071522
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | U.S. Public Health Service (CA-15744)
- American Cancer Society (RD-23)
- Council for Tobacco Research (1948)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Bacterial Cancer Therapy
- Keywords
- glutamine deprivation, glutamine, cancer therapy, transformed cells, cell growth, serum concentration, cystine, amino acid requirements, oncogenic transformation, BALB/c 3T3 cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Culture Media, Glutamine, Neoplasms, Cell Culture Techniques, BALB 3T3 Cells, Mice
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