The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hierarchical model of gene regulation by transforming growth factor β
Open accessAbstract
Transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) regulate key aspects of embryonic development and major human diseases. Although Smad2, Smad3, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been proposed as key mediators in TGF-β signaling, their functional specificities and interactivity in controlling transcriptional programs in different cell types and (patho)physiological contexts are not known. We investigated expression profiles of genes controlled by TGF-β in fibroblasts with ablations of Smad2, Smad3, and ERK MAPK. Our results suggest that Smad3 is the essential mediator of TGF-β signaling and directly activates genes encoding regulators of transcription and signal transducers through Smad3/Smad4 DNA-binding motif repeats that are characteristic for immediate-early target genes of TGF-β but absent in intermediate target genes. In contrast, Smad2 and ERK predominantly transmodulated regulation of both immediate-early and intermediate genes by TGF-β/Smad3. These results suggest a previously uncharacterized hierarchical model of gene regulation by TGF-β in which TGF-β causes direct activation by Smad3 of cascades of regulators of transcription and signaling that are transmodulated by Smad2 and/or ERK.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
TGF-β Signaling in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Progression
Derynck, R., Akhurst, R. J., & Balmain, A. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1001-117 · Cited by 2,275
Smad3 and Smad4 cooperate with c-Jun/c-Fos to mediate TGF-β-induced transcription
Zhang, Y., Feng, X.-H., & Derynck, R. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/29814 · Cited by 809
Cited by
Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Lamouille, S., Xu, J., & Derynck, R. (2014) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3758 · Cited by 8,091
TGF-β signaling and the fibrotic response
Leask, A., & Abraham, D. J. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-1273rev · Cited by 2,319
Defining the Epithelial Stem Cell Niche in Skin
Tumbar, T., Guasch, G., Greco, V., Blanpain, C., Lowry, W. E., Rendl, M., & Fuchs, E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092436 · Cited by 2,031
Cardiac Fibrosis: The Fibroblast Awakens
Travers, J. G., Kamal, F. A., Robbins, J., Yutzey, K. E., & Blaxall, B. C. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306565 · Cited by 1,596
Moustakas, A., & Heldin, C.-H. (2005) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02554 · Cited by 958
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, Y.-C., Piek, E., Zavadil, J., Liang, D., Xie, D., Heyer, J., Pavlidis, P., Kucherlapati, R., Roberts, A. B., & Böttinger, E. P.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-08-20
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 10269-10274
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2099368049
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 7.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hierarchical model of gene regulation by transforming growth factor β. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1834070100
- The paper
- Yang, Y.-C., Piek, E., Zavadil, J., Liang, D., Xie, D., Heyer, J., Pavlidis, P., Kucherlapati, R., Roberts, A. B., & Böttinger, E. P. (2003). Hierarchical model of gene regulation by transforming growth factor β. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1834070100
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
