Making inferences about racial disparities in police violence
Open accessAbstract
Johnson et al. (1) test regression intercepts, holding race-specific homicide rates equal (ref.1, SI appendix, p. 5, lines 208-215), and conclude, "Controlling for predictors at the civilian, officer, and county levels, a person fatally shot by police was 6.67 times less likely (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15 [0.09, 0.27]) to be Black than White and 3.33 times less likely (OR = 0.30 [0.21, 0.47]) to be Hispanic than White.Thus, in the typical shooting, we did not find evidence of anti-Black or anti-Hispanic disparity. . ..and, if anything, found anti-White disparities" (ref. 1, p. 15880).
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Knox and Mummolo (2020) show that Johnson et al. (2019)'s conclusion rests on the erroneous assumption that police encounter minority and white civilians in equal number.
“Knox and Mummolo(2020)showthat this conclusion rests on the erroneous assumption that police encounter minority and white civilians in equal number.”
From Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing (2020) · cites this paper as Knox and Mummolo 2020
In “Making inferences about racial disparities in police violence” (page unavailable), the authors say Johnson et al. did not account for how many minority or White civilians police encounter, so its data cannot support the claimed comparison of shooting rates. The paper does not say Johnson et al. assumed equal numbers of encounters or establish that such an assumption is false. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [1]Johnson D. J., Tress T., Burkel N., Taylor C., Cesario J., Officer characteristics and racial disparities in fatal officer-involved shootings. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 15877– 15882 (2019). 31332014 PMC6689929
- [2]Johnson D. J., Cesario J., Reply to Knox and Mummolo: Critique of Johnson et al. https://psyarxiv.com/dmhpu/ (16 August 2019).
Cited by
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Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing
KNOX, D., LOWE, W., & MUMMOLO, J. (2020) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055420000039 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationClark, C. J., & Winegard, B. M. (2020) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2020.1721233 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
No Justice, No Peace: Political Science Perspectives on the American Carceral State
Harris, A. P., Walker, H. L., & Eckhouse, L. (2020) · The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics · doi:10.1017/rep.2020.21 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Knox, D., & Mummolo, J.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mummolo, Jonathan
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2020-01-21
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1261-1262
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC6983428
- OpenAlex
- W2966362166
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- police brutality, racial disparities, fatal police shootings, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, White Americans, racial bias in policing, homicide rates
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Violence, Wounds, Gunshot, Police, Racial Groups
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