Cited by 171Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMotor Control and Adaptation

Synapse formation is associated with memory storage in the cerebellum

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Kleim, Jeffrey A., Freeman, John H., Bruneau, Rochelle, Nolan, Brian C., Cooper, Natalie R., Zook, Alison, Walters, Drew·2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

The idea that memory is encoded by means of synaptic growth is not new. However, this idea has been difficult to demonstrate in the mammalian brain because of both the complexity of mammalian behavior and the neural circuitry by which it is supported. Here we examine how eyeblink classical conditioning affects synapse number within the cerebellum; the brain region essential for long-term retention of the conditioned response. Results showed eyeblink-conditioned rats to have significantly more synapses per neuron within the cerebellar interpositus nucleus than both explicitly unpaired and untrained controls. Further analysis showed that the increase was caused by the addition of excitatory rather than inhibitory synapses. Thus, development of the conditioned eyeblink response is associated with a strengthening of inputs from precerebellar nuclei rather than from cerebellar cortex. These results demonstrate that the modifications of specific neural pathways by means of synaptogenesis contributes to formation of a specific memory within the mammalian brain.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.202483399

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Authors
Kleim, J. A., Freeman, J. H., Bruneau, R., Nolan, B. C., Cooper, N. R., Zook, A., & Walters, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Lethbridge (CA)
  • Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4; and Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2002-09-16
Volume
99
Issue
20
Pages
13228-13231
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2043749525
Cited by
171
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
4.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 38890, R01NS038890)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords
synaptogenesis, memory storage, cerebellum, interpositus nucleus, eyeblink classical conditioning, long-term memory, excitatory synapses, inhibitory synapses, precerebellar nuclei, synaptic plasticity, conditioned response
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Blinking, Brain, Cerebellum, Humans, Memory, Neurons, Synapses, Time Factors, Rats

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