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Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by protein kinase A
Open accessAbstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is implicated in multiple biological processes including metabolism, gene expression, cell fate determination, proliferation, and survival. GSK-3 activity is inhibited through phosphorylation of serine 21 in GSK-3α and serine 9 in GSK-3β. These serine residues of GSK-3 have been previously identified as targets of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), a serine/threonine kinase located downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Here, we show that serine 21 in GSK-3α and serine 9 in GSK-3β are also physiological substrates of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. Protein kinase A physically associates with, phosphorylates, and inactivates both isoforms of GSK-3. The results indicate that depending on the stimulatory context, the activity of GSK-3 can be modulated either by growth factors that work through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B cascade or by hormonal stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors that link to changes in intracellular cAMP levels.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fang, X., Yu, S. X., Lu, Y., Bast, R. C., Woodgett, J. R., & Mills, G. B.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-10-17
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 11960-11965
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2074883812
- Cited by
- 830
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Fang, X., Yu, S. X., Lu, Y., Bast, R. C., Woodgett, J. R., & Mills, G. B. (2000). Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by protein kinase A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.220413597
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