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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos

Open access
Hansen, James, Nazarenko, Larissa·2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.2237157100
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Abstract

Plausible estimates for the effect of soot on snow and ice albedos (1.5% in the Arctic and 3% in Northern Hemisphere land areas) yield a climate forcing of +0.3 W/m 2 in the Northern Hemisphere. The “efficacy” of this forcing is ∼2, i.e., for a given forcing it is twice as effective as CO 2 in altering global surface air temperature. This indirect soot forcing may have contributed to global warming of the past century, including the trend toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, thinning Arctic sea ice, and melting land ice and permafrost. If, as we suggest, melting ice and sea level rise define the level of dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, then reducing soot emissions, thus restoring snow albedos to pristine high values, would have the double benefit of reducing global warming and raising the global temperature level at which dangerous anthropogenic interference occurs. However, soot contributions to climate change do not alter the conclusion that anthropogenic greenhouse gases have been the main cause of recent global warming and will be the predominant climate forcing in the future.

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Metadata

Authors
Hansen, J., & Nazarenko, L.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2003-12-29
Volume
101
Issue
2
Pages
423-428
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.2237157100
OpenAlex
W2137169911
Cited by
1,332
References
3
FWCI
33.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.2237157100
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Hansen, J., & Nazarenko, L. (2004). Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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