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Attractive and defensive functions of the ultraviolet pigments of a flower ( Hypericum calycinum )
Open accessAbstract
The flower of Hypericum calycinum , which appears uniformly yellow to humans, bears a UV pattern, presumably visible to insects. Two categories of pigments, flavonoids and dearomatized isoprenylated phloroglucinols (DIPs), are responsible for the UV demarcations of this flower. Flavonoids had been shown previously to function as floral UV pigments, but DIPs had not been demonstrated to serve in that capacity. We found the DIPs to be present in high concentration in the anthers and ovarian wall of the flower, suggesting that the compounds also serve in defense. Indeed, feeding tests done with one of the DIPs (hypercalin A) showed the compound to be deterrent and toxic to a caterpillar ( Utetheisa ornatrix ). The possibility that floral UV pigments fulfill both a visual and a defensive function had not previously been contemplated. DIPs may also serve for protection of female reproductive structures in other plants, for example in hops ( Humulus lupulus ). The DIPs of hops are put to human use as bitter flavoring agents and preservatives in beer.
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Cited by
Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Multispecies Plant-Animal Interactions
Strauss, S. Y., & Irwin, R. E. (2004) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130215 · Cited by 578
Florivory: the intersection of pollination and herbivory
McCall, A. C., & Irwin, R. E. (2006) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00975.x · Cited by 478
How plant?animal interactions signal new insights in communication
SCHAEFER, H., SCHAEFER, V, & LEVEY, D. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.003 · Cited by 329
Martens, S., Preuß, A., & Matern, U. (2010) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.04.016 · Cited by 258
Metadata
- Authors
- Gronquist, M., Bezzerides, A., Attygalle, A., Meinwald, J., Eisner, M., & Eisner, T.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-11-13
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 13745-13750
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2077261981
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 5.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Gronquist, M., Bezzerides, A., Attygalle, A., Meinwald, J., Eisner, M., & Eisner, T. (2001). Attractive and defensive functions of the ultraviolet pigments of a flower ( Hypericum calycinum ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.231471698
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