The molecular basis for the genetic code.

RNA codewords and protein synthesis, VII. On the general nature of the RNA code.

Nirenberg, M., Leder, P., Bernfield, M. R., Brimacombe, R. L. C., Trupin, J. S., ROTTMAN, F. M., & O'Neal, C. (1965) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.53.5.1161 · Cited by 334

CODES WITHOUT COMMAS

Crick, F. H. C., Griffith, J. S., & Orgel, L. E. (1957) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.43.5.416 · Cited by 333

Order in the genetic code.

Woese, C. (1965) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.54.1.71 · Cited by 162

Studies on polynucleotides, XLIX. Stimulation of the binding of aminoacyl-sRNA's to ribosomes by ribotrinucleotides and a survey of codon assignments for 20 amino acids.

Söll, D. G., Ohtsuka, E., Jones, D. S., Lohrmann, R., Hayatsu, H., Nishimura, S., & Khorana, H. G. (1965) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.54.5.1378 · Cited by 152

Relationship between the structure of the simple sugars and their behaviour on the paper chromatogram

Isherwood, F. A., & Jermyn, M. A. (1951) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0480515 · Cited by 139

Nucleic acid interactions with metal ions and amino acids

Zubay, G., & Doty, P. M. (1958) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/0006-3002(58)90145-8 · Cited by 105

Experimental solutions to problems defining the origin of codon-directed protein synthesis

Carter, C. W., & Wills, P. R. (2019) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.103979 · Cited by 26

Correlation between equi-partition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and amino-acid biosynthesis pathways

Takénaka, A., & Moras, D. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa013 · Cited by 28

Amino Acid Specific Effects on RNA Tertiary Interactions: Single-Molecule Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Sengupta, A., Sung, H.-L., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05840 · Cited by 28

Secondary and Conformational Specificities of Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

Wright, H. T. (1977) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11352.x · Cited by 28

Is there a physical chemical basis for the present genetic code?

Raszka, M., & Mandel, M. (1972) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01653941 · Cited by 28

Relationships Among Isoacceptor tRNAs Seems to Support the Coevolution Theory of the Origin of the Genetic Code

Chaley, M. B., Korotkov, E., & Phoenix, D. A. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006455 · Cited by 27

The informational context of the third base in amino acid codons

Siemion, I. Z., & Siemion, P. (1994) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/0303-2647(94)90053-1 · Cited by 27

A minihelix-loop RNA acts as a trans-aminoacylation catalyst

LEE, N., & Suga, H. (2001) · RNA · doi:10.1017/s1355838201010457 · Cited by 27

The Problem of Evolving a Genetic Code

Woese, C. R. (1970) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1295156 · Cited by 27

A Hitchhiker's guide to RNA–RNA structure and interaction prediction tools

Tieng, F. Y. F., Abdullah‐Zawawi, M., Shahri, N. A. A. M., Mohamed‐Hussein, Z., Lee, L., & Mutalib, N. A. (2023) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbad421 · Cited by 28

On the efficiency of the genetic code after frameshift mutations

Geyer, R., & Mamlouk, A. M. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.4825 · Cited by 26

Prebiotic Synthesis of Aspartate Using Life’s Metabolism as a Guide

Harrison, S. A., Webb, W. L., Rammu, H., & Lane, N. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13051177 · Cited by 25

The Response of Amino Acid Frequencies to Directional Mutation Pressure in Mitochondrial Genome Sequences Is Related to the Physical Properties of the Amino Acids and to the Structure of the Genetic Code

Urbina, D., Tang, B., & Higgs, P. G. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0051-1 · Cited by 25

Possible Emergence of Sequence Specific RNA Aminoacylation via Peptide Intermediary to Initiate Darwinian Evolution and Code through Origin of Life

Kunnev, D., & Gospodinov, A. (2018) · Life · doi:10.3390/life8040044 · Cited by 24

On Nature’s Strategy for Assigning Genetic Code Multiplicity

Gardini, S., Cheli, S., Baroni, S., Lascio, G. D., Mangiavacchi, G., Micheletti, N., Monaco, C. L., Savini, L., Alocci, D., Mangani, S., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148174 · Cited by 24

Genetic coding and protein synthesis: Concerted evolution

Lacey, J. C., & Weber, A. C. (1977) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(77)90020-1 · Cited by 24

On the origin of the genetic code

Kuhn, H. J., & Waser, J. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00974-0 · Cited by 23

mRNA/protein sequence complementarity and its determinants: The impact of affinity scales

Bartonek, L., & Žagrović, B. (2017) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005648 · Cited by 21

Optimality in the standard genetic code is robust with respect to comparison code sets

Wichmann, S., & Ardern, Z. (2019) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104023 · Cited by 22

Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code

Yarus, M. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-020-09983-9 · Cited by 22

Optimisation of Asymmetric Mutational Pressure and Selection Pressure Around the Universal Genetic Code

Mackiewicz, P., Biecek, P., Mackiewicz, D., Kiraga, J., Baczkowski, K., Sobczyński, M., & Cebrat, S. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69389-5_13 · Cited by 22

Unassigned Codons, Nonsense Suppression, and Anticodon Modifications in the Evolution of the Genetic Code

van der Gulik, P. T. S., & Hoff, W. D. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-011-9470-3 · Cited by 22

Physicochemical Foundations of Life that Direct Evolution: Chance and Natural Selection are not Evolutionary Driving Forces

Auboeuf, D. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10020007 · Cited by 22

The Biological Significance of the Genetic Code

Woese, C. R. (1969) · Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46200-9_2 · Cited by 21

Localized Context-Dependent Effects of the “Ambush” Hypothesis: More Off-Frame Stop Codons Downstream of Shifty Codons

Seligmann, H. (2019) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2019.4725 · Cited by 20

Multispecies autocatalytic RNA reaction networks in coacervates

Ameta, S., Kumar, M., Chakraborty, N., Matsubara, Y. J., Prashanth, S., Gandavadi, D., & Thutupalli, S. (2023) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-023-00887-5 · Cited by 19

Complete Quantum Information in the DNA Genetic Code

Planat, M. R. P., Aschheim, R., Amaral, M. M., Fang, F., & Irwin, K. (2020) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym12121993 · Cited by 19

Some Mathematical Refinements Concerning Error Minimization in the Genetic Code

Buhrman, H., van der Gulik, P. T. S., Kelk, S. M., Koolen, W. M., & Stougie, L. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbb.2011.40 · Cited by 20

Structural and Energetic Impact of Non-Natural 7-Deaza-8-Azaadenine and Its 7-Substituted Derivatives on H-Bonding Potential with Uracil in RNA Molecules

Chawla, M., Credendino, R., Oliva, R., & Cavallo, L. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06861 · Cited by 20

Theories of the origin of the genetic code: Strong corroboration for the coevolution theory

Giulio, M. D. (2024) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105217 · Cited by 17

Genetic Hotels for the Standard Genetic Code: Evolutionary Analysis Based upon Novel Three-Dimensional Algebraic Models

José, M. V., Morgado, E. R., & Govezensky, T. (2010) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-010-9571-y · Cited by 19

Discovery of protein–RNA networks

Cirillo, D., Livi, C. M., Agostini, F., & Tartaglia, G. G. (2014) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c4mb00099d · Cited by 20

Introduction The archaea: Their history and significance

Woese, C. R. (1993) · New comprehensive biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60248-3 · Cited by 19

The Self-Referential Genetic Code is Biologic and Includes the Error Minimization Property

Guimarães, R. C. (2015) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-015-9417-6 · Cited by 18

The genetic code is very close to a global optimum in a model of its origin taking into account both the partition energy of amino acids and their biosynthetic relationships

Caldararo, F., & Giulio, M. D. (2022) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104613 · Cited by 16

A self-sustaining serpentinization mega-engine feeds the fougerite nanoengines implicated in the emergence of guided metabolism

Russell, M. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145915 · Cited by 21

Emergence of a Code in the Polymerization of Amino Acids along RNA Templates

Lehmann, J., Cibils, M. B., & Libchaber, A. J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005773 · Cited by 18

A Realistic Model Under Which the Genetic Code is Optimal

Buhrman, H., van der Gulik, P. T. S., Klau, G. W., Schaffner, C., Speijer, D., & Stougie, L. (2013) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-013-9571-2 · Cited by 19

Relationship between mRNA secondary structure and sequence variability in Chloroplast genes: possible life history implications

Krishnan, N., Seligmann, H., & Rao, B. (2008) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-48 · Cited by 16

Structure of the genetic code suggested by the hydropathy correlation between anticodons and amino acid residues

de Farías, S. T., Moreira, C. H. C., & Guimarães, R. C. (2006) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-006-9008-7 · Cited by 17

Correspondence between mutation and selection pressure and the genetic code degeneracy in the gene evolution

Dudkiewicz, M., Mackiewicz, D., Nowicka, A., Kowalczuk, M., Mackiewicz, D., Polak, N., Smolarczyk, K., Banaszak, J., Dudek, M. R., & Cebrat, S. (2004) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2004.03.003 · Cited by 17

The amino acid substitution affects cellular response to mistranslation

Berg, M. D., Zhu, Y., Ruiz, B. Y., Loll‐Krippleber, R., Isaacson, J., Luis, B.-J. S., Genereaux, J. L., Boone, C. M., Villén, J., Brown, G. W., et al. (2021) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkab218 · Cited by 18

Pattern analysis of the genetic code

Perlwitz, M. D., Burks, C., & Waterman, M. S. (1988) · Advances in Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1016/0196-8858(88)90003-6 · Cited by 16

Biased distribution of adenine and thymine in gene nucleotide sequences

Mr�zek, J., & Kypr, J. (1994) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf00173412 · Cited by 16

Rationalization of some genetic anticodonic assignments

Lacey, J. C., Hall, L. M., & Mullins, D. W. (1985) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/bf01808050 · Cited by 16

Three-Dimensional Algebraic Models of the tRNA Code and 12 Graphs for Representing the Amino Acids

José, M. V., Morgado, E. R., Guimarães, R. C., Zamudio, G. S., de Farías, S. T., Bobadilla, J. R., & Sosa, D. (2014) · Life · doi:10.3390/life4030341 · Cited by 15

Neutral evolution test of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications in the binding to ACE2

López-Cortés, G. I., Palacios-Pérez, M., Zamudio, G. S., Veledíaz, H. F., Ortega, E., & José, M. V. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96950-z · Cited by 15

Complexes of polyadenylic acid and the methyl esters of amino acids

Khaled, M. A., Mullins, D. W., Swindle, M., & Lacey, J. C. (1983) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/bf00928886 · Cited by 15

Molecular phylogenetics before sequences

Ragan, M. A., Bernard, G., & Chan, C. X. (2014) · RNA Biology · doi:10.4161/rna.27505 · Cited by 14

The impact of including tRNA content on the optimality of the genetic code

Goodarzi, H., Najafabadi, H. S., Nejad, H. A., & Torabi, N. (2005) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.bulm.2005.03.002 · Cited by 14

Testing ancient RNA–protein interactions

Landweber, L. F. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11067 · Cited by 14

A Theory on the Origin of Life

Black, S. (1973) · Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology/Advances in enzymology and related subjects · doi:10.1002/9780470122839.ch4 · Cited by 14

Symmetrical and Thermodynamic Properties of Phenotypic Graphs of Amino Acids Encoded by the Primeval RNY Code

José, M. V., Zamudio, G. S., Palacios-Pérez, M., Bobadilla, J. R., & de Farías, S. T. (2015) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-015-9427-4 · Cited by 13

Biophysical Interactions Underpin the Emergence of Information in the Genetic Code

Halpern, A., Bartsch, L. R., Ibrahim, K., Harrison, S. A., Ahn, M., Christodoulou, J., & Lane, N. J. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13051129 · Cited by 14

Origin and evolution of the genetic code: The universal enigma

Koonin, E. V., & Novozhilov, A. S. (2009) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.190 · Cited by 15

Universal Codons with Enrichment from GC to AU Nucleotide Composition Reveal a Chronological Assignment from Early to Late Along with LUCA Formation

Gospodinov, A. G., & Kunnev, D. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10060081 · Cited by 14

Coding From Binding? Molecular Interactions at the Heart of Translation

Žagrović, B., Adlhart, M., & Kapral, T. H. (2023) · Annual Review of Biophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-090622-102329 · Cited by 13

Codon sextets with leading role of serine create “ideal” symmetry classification scheme of the genetic code

Rosandić, M., & Paar, V. (2014) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.009 · Cited by 12

The Genetic Code: Francis Crick’s Legacy and Beyond

Tamura, K. (2016) · Life · doi:10.3390/life6030036 · Cited by 12

On the 28-gon symmetry inherent in the genetic code intertwined with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?The Lucas series

Yang, C. M. (2004) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.bulm.2003.12.006 · Cited by 11

Dielectric relaxation studies of aqueous l-glutamine-ethanol mixtures in the microwave frequency range

Aiswarya, T., Prasad, T. V., Raju, K. C. J., & Vishwam, T. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111506 · Cited by 11

Optimal Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code

Yarus, M. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-020-09984-8 · Cited by 11

The Standard Genetic Code Facilitates Exploration of the Space of Functional Nucleotide Sequences

Tripathi, S., & Deem, M. W. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-018-9852-x · Cited by 7

A Model of the Origin of Life and Perspectives in Supramolecular Engineering

Kuhn, H. J., & Waser, J. (1994) · Perspectives in supramolecular chemistry · doi:10.1002/9780470511411.ch7 · Cited by 10

Protein–Lipid Interactions of the Membrane-Penetrating MN-Glycoprotein from the Human Erythrocyte

Segrest, J. P., & Kohn, L. D. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-017822-6.50031-9 · Cited by 10

The genetic code is not an optimal code in a model taking into account both the biosynthetic relationships between amino acids and their physicochemical properties

Facchiano, A. M., & Giulio, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.09.021 · Cited by 9

Relational model of the standard genetic code

Konjevoda, P., & Štambuk, N. (2021) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104529 · Cited by 9

Reverse Transcription and the Central Dogma

Hahn, F. E. (1973) · Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65578-4_1 · Cited by 9

Genetic Code: a Self-Referential and Functional Model

Guimarães, R. C., & Moreira, C. H. C. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008044396-6/50010-1 · Cited by 9

Stability of the genetic code and optimal parameters of amino acids

Chechetkin, V. R., & Lobzin, V. V. (2010) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.10.015 · Cited by 8

Phenotypic Graphs and Evolution Unfold the Standard Genetic Code as the Optimal

Zamudio, G. S., & José, M. V. (2017) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-017-9552-3 · Cited by 8

Antisense Peptide Technology for Diagnostic Tests and Bioengineering Research

Štambuk, N., Konjevoda, P., & Pavan, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179106 · Cited by 8

Arguments against the stereochemical theory of the origin of the genetic code

Giulio, M. D. (2022) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104750 · Cited by 8

Malleable nature of mRNA-protein compositional complementarity and its functional significance

Hlevnjak, M., & Žagrović, B. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv166 · Cited by 7

On the Structural Regularity in Nucleobases and Amino Acids and Relationship to the Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code

Yang, C. M. (2005) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-005-1078-4 · Cited by 8

On the syntactic structure and redundancy distribution of the genetic code

Jiménez-Montaño, M. A. (1994) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/0303-2647(94)90015-9 · Cited by 8

Binding constants of phenylalanine for the four mononucleotides

Khaled, M. A., Mullins, D. W., & Lacey, J. C. (1984) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02101987 · Cited by 8

A search for the physical basis of the genetic code

Moghadam, S. A., Kłobukowski, M., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2020) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104148 · Cited by 7

Reflections on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Genetic Code

Fontecilla-Camps, J. C. (2023) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202300048 · Cited by 8

Mitochondrial-encoded membrane protein transcripts are pyrimidine-rich while soluble protein transcripts and ribosomal RNA are purine-rich

Bradshaw, P. C., Rathi, A., & Samuels, D. C. (2005) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-6-136 · Cited by 7

Dielectric properties of pyridine derivative-water clusters: Molecular dynamics simulation

Liu, J., Jia, G.-Z., & Lu, Z. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.105 · Cited by 7

RNA polymerase II-binding aptamers in human ACRO1 satellites disrupt transcription in cis

Boots, J. L., von Pelchrzim, F., Weiss, A., Zimmermann, B., Friesacher, T., Radtke, M., Żywicki, M., Chen, D., Matylla-Kulińska, K., Žagrović, B., et al. (2020) · Transcription · doi:10.1080/21541264.2020.1790990 · Cited by 7

A neutral evolution test derived from a theoretical amino acid substitution model

Zamudio, G. S., Prosdocimi, F., de Farías, S. T., & José, M. V. (2019) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.01.027 · Cited by 7

The evolutionary change of the genetic code as restricted by the anticodon and identity of transfer RNA

Ueda, T., & Watanabe, K. (1993) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/bf01582085 · Cited by 7

The Stereochemical Approach to Studies of the Origin of the Genetic Code

Ponnamperuma, C., & Hobish, M. K. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4640-1_21 · Cited by 7

A working hypothesis on the interdependent genesis of nucleotide bases, protein amino acids, and primitive genetic code

Egami, F. (1981) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/bf00931385 · Cited by 7

Symmetrical Properties of Graph Representations of Genetic Codes: From Genotype to Phenotype

José, M. V., & Zamudio, G. S. (2018) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym10090388 · Cited by 6

Codon assignment evolvability in theoretical minimal RNA rings

Jacques Demongeot, A., & Seligmann, H. (2020) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.145208 · Cited by 6

Adaptive Evolution of the Genetic Code

Knight, R. D., Freeland, S. J., & Landweber, L. F. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-26887-1_13 · Cited by 6

Composition drift in the cytochrome c cistron

Grantham, R. L. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/248791a0 · Cited by 6

The “periodic table” of the genetic code: A new way to look at the code and the decoding process

Komar, A. A. (2016) · Translation · doi:10.1080/21690731.2016.1234431 · Cited by 6

DNA Catalysis: Design, Function, and Optimization

Stratton, R. L., Pokhrel, B., Smith, B., Adeyemi, A., Dhakal, A., & Shen, H. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29215011 · Cited by 8

Deamination gradients within codons after 1<−>2 position swap predict amino acid hydrophobicity and parallel β-sheet conformational preference

Jacques Demongeot, A., & Seligmann, H. (2020) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104116 · Cited by 5

The Prebiotic Stage and the Evolution of Life on Earth

Ghiorghiță, G., & Surpateanu, G. (2019) · Environment and Natural Resources Research · doi:10.5539/enrr.v9n2p86 · Cited by 5

Dynamics of genetic code evolution: The emergence of universality

Argyriadis, J.-A., He, Y., Jejjala, V., & Minić, D. (2021) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.103.052409 · Cited by 6

The regularities of the changes of amino acid physico-chemical properties within the genetic code

Siemion, I. Z. (1995) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/bf00806539 · Cited by 5

Entropy-based evaluation function in a multi-objective approach for the investigation of the genetic code robustness

de Oliveira, L. L., & Tinós, R. (2014) · Memetic Computing · doi:10.1007/s12293-014-0139-5 · Cited by 5

Genetic Coding Algorithms for Engineering Membrane Proteins

Yang, M. M., Coleman, W. J., & Youvan, D. C. (1990) · Springer series in biophysics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61297-8_21 · Cited by 5

The naturally designed spherical symmetry in the genetic codePreprint

Yang, C. M. (2003) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0309014 · Cited by 10

The Physics–Biology continuum challenges darwinism: Evolution is directed by the homeostasis-dependent bidirectional relation between genome and phenotype

Auboeuf, D. (2021) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.05.008 · Cited by 5

Silence of the genes

Singer, O., Yanai, A., & Verma, I. M. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401209101 · Cited by 17

Origin of genetic code: A needle in the haystack of tRNA sequences.

SCHIMMEL, P. R. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4521 · Cited by 25

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS

Vestine, E. H. (1957) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.43.1.1 · Cited by 1

ON THE UNWINDING OF DNA

Levinthal, C., & Crane, H. R. (1956) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.42.7.436 · Cited by 116

T cells like a firm molecular handshake

Dustin, M. L., & Zhu, C. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600899103 · Cited by 14