Expression in Escherichia coli of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin.
Open accessAbstract
Synthetic genes for human insulin A and B chains were cloned separately in plasmid pBR322. The cloned synthetic genes were then fused to an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene to provide efficient transcription and translation and a stable precursor protein. The insulin peptides were cleaved from beta-galactosidase, detected by radioimmunoassay, and purified. Complete purification of the A chain and partial purification of the B chain were achieved. These products were mixed, reduced, and reoxidized. The presence of insulin was detected by radioimmunoassay.
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In 1978, David Goeddel, Arthur Riggs and their Genentech colleagues working at City of Hope produced the first recombinant DNA human insulin.
“In 1978, David Goeddel, Arthur Riggs and their Genentech colleagues working at City of Hope produced the first recombinant DNA human insulin111.”
From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [111]
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Sims, E. K., Carr, A. L. J., Oram, R. A., DiMeglio, L. A., & Evans-Molina, C. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01418-2 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Goeddel, D. V., Kleid, D. G., Bolivar, F., Heyneker, H. L., Yansura, D. G., Crea, R., Hirose, T., Kraszewski, A., Itakura, K., & Riggs, A. D.
- Affiliations
- City Of Hope National Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1979-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 106-110
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC382885
- OpenAlex
- W2015139192
- Cited by
- 869
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 14.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- human insulin, synthetic gene, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, recombinant protein expression, Escherichia coli, beta-galactosidase fusion, gene cloning, protein purification
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Epitopes, beta-Galactosidase, DNA, Recombinant, Escherichia coli, Genes, Humans, Insulin, Genetic Linkage, Plasmids, Macromolecular Substances
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