A historical perspective on the interactions of insulin at the blood‐brain barrier
Open accessAbstract
Subsequent to the discovery of insulin in 1921, the role of insulin in the brain has been investigated throughly. The ability of insulin to act within the brain to regulate peripheral glucose levels helped evolve the research surrounding the ability of insulin to be transported into the brain. Investigations aiming to determine the transport of insulin into the brain from the circulation soon followed. Once it was established that insulin could enter the brain, the ability of insulin to bind brain microvessels and regulators of this process were determined. As technology advanced, quantitative measurements to specify the transport rate of insulin across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the impact of physiological conditions and diseases were the logical next steps. Lastly, with the advent of genetic mouse models and high‐specificity antagonists, the specific role of the insulin receptor in mediating insulin transport could begin to be explored. In this review, we summarise the main findings throughout the decades regarding the interactions of insulin at the BBB.
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Insulin crosses the blood-brain barrier.
“Insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier9”
From Brain insulin action on peripheral insulin sensitivity in women depends on menstrual cycle phase (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Rhea, E. M., & Banks, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rhea, Elizabeth M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-01-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e12929-e12929
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- PMC
- PMC8052275
- OpenAlex
- W3118467990
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Center for Scientific Review (RF1AG059088, RO1AG046619)
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Washington
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- insulin, blood-brain barrier, insulin transport, insulin receptor, cerebral microvasculature, insulin binding, glucose regulation, insulin receptor antagonist, genetic mouse models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Humans, Insulin, Receptor, Insulin
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