The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Axonal delay lines for time measurement in the owl's brainstem.
Open accessAbstract
Interaural time difference is an important cue for sound localization. In the barn owl (Tyto alba) neuronal sensitivity to this disparity originates in the brainstem nucleus laminaris. Afferents from the ipsilateral and contralateral magnocellular cochlear nuclei enter the nucleus laminaris through its dorsal and ventral surfaces, respectively, and interdigitate in the nucleus. Intracellular recordings from these afferents show orderly changes in conduction delay with depth in the nucleus. These changes are comparable to the range of interaural time differences available to the owl. Thus, these afferent axons act as delay lines and provide anatomical and physiological bases for a neuronal map of interaural time differences in the nucleus laminaris.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The dropout learning algorithm
Baldi, P., & Sadowski, P. (2014) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.artint.2014.02.004 · Cited by 340
Dense connectomic reconstruction in layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex
Motta, A., Berning, M., Boergens, K. M., Staffler, B., Beining, M., Loomba, S., Hennig, P., Wissler, H., & Helmstaedter, M. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay3134 · Cited by 333
Allocating structure to function: the strong links between neuroplasticity and natural selection
Anderson, M. L., & Finlay, B. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00918 · Cited by 115
“Close to the periphery, but definitely within the CNS, special computational devices can be seen, for example, the delay-line neurons of the superior olive that compute time-of-arrival differences for auditory input in the two ears (Carr and Konishi, 1988).”
BackgroundEstimating axon conduction velocity in vivo from microstructural MRI
Drakesmith, M., Harms, R., Rudrapatna, S. U., Parker, G. D., Evans, C. J., & Jones, D. K. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116186 · Cited by 83
Directional Hearing in Owls: Neurobiology, Behaviour and Evolution
Volman, S. F. (1994) · Perception and Motor Control in Birds · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75869-0_17 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Carr, C. E., & Konishi, M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1988-11
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8311-8315
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2084954202
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Axonal delay lines for time measurement in the owl's brainstem. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.85.21.8311
- The paper
- Carr, C. E., & Konishi, M. (1988). Axonal delay lines for time measurement in the owl's brainstem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.21.8311
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
