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Structure of the human insulin receptor gene and characterization of its promoter.
Open accessAbstract
The human insulin receptor gene, INSR, and its promoter region have been isolated and characterized. The gene spans greater than 120 kilobase pairs (kbp) and has 22 exons. All introns interrupt protein coding regions of the gene. The 11 exons encoding the alpha subunit of the receptor are dispersed over greater than 90 kbp, whereas the 11 exons encoding the beta subunit are located together in a region of approximately 30 kbp. Three transcriptional initiation sites have been identified and are located 276, 282, and 283 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. In addition, a 247-bp fragment from the promoter region possessing 62.6% of the maximal promoter activity has been identified. This promoter-active fragment lacks a TATA-like sequence but has two possible binding regions for the transcriptional factor Sp1. Comparison of the exon structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the INSR with the corresponding regions of the human SRC, ROS, and ERBB2 (NGL) protooncogenes indicates that the exon-intron organization of this region has not been well conserved.
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Chou, C. K., Dull, T. J., Russell, D. S., Gherzi, R., Lebwohl, D., Ullrich, A., & Rosen, O. M. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75716-0 · Cited by 640
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): a growth hormone
Laron, Z. (2001) · Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1136/mp.54.5.311 · Cited by 608
Insulin resistance and cancer risk: An overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms
Arcidiacono, B., Iiritano, S., Nocera, A., Possidente, K., Nevolo, M. T., Ventura, V., Foti, D., Chiefari, E., & Brunetti, A. (2012) · Experimental Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2012/789174 · Cited by 606
Distinct and Overlapping Functions of Insulin and IGF-I Receptors
Nakae, J., Kido, Y., & Accili, D. (2001) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.22.6.0452 · Cited by 554
Al-Nasiry, S., Geusens, N., Hanssens, M., Luyten, C., & Pijnenborg, R. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dem011 · Cited by 486
Metadata
- Authors
- Seino, S., Seino, M., Nishi, S., & Bell, G. I.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1989-01
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 114-118
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2083374924
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 10.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Seino, S., Seino, M., Nishi, S., & Bell, G. I. (1989). Structure of the human insulin receptor gene and characterization of its promoter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.1.114
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