The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A simple model for the immune network.
Open accessAbstract
In this note I present a simple model for the idiotypic network among antibodies and study its relevance for the maintenance of immunological memory; in particular, the memory capacity of such a model is studied. Some of the similarities with the spin glass model and with neural networks are discussed.
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“Interestingly, the basic McCulloch–Pitts design is common to many other living systems, including gene regulatory networks [256–259], immune networks [260–262], collective intelligence [263–267] or some aneural systems, such as quorum-sensing decisions in microbial communities, where an explicit equivalence has been defined [268].”
From Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems (2024) · cites this paper as [260]
Citations
Cites
Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities.
Hopfield, J. J. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2554 · Cited by 19,270
Idiotypic Networks and Other Preconceived Ideas
Jerne, N. K., & Cocteau, J. (1984) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1984.tb00484.x · Cited by 543
Collective properties of neural networks: A statistical physics approach
Peretto, P. (1984) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00317939 · Cited by 267
SUPPRESSION OF IDIOTYPIC SPECIFICITIES IN ADULT MICE BY ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTIBODY
Hart, D. A., Wang, A.-L., Pawlak, L. L., & Nisonoff, A. (1972) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.135.6.1293 · Cited by 265
Genetics, Expression, and Function of Idiotypes
Rajewsky, K., & Takemori, T. (1983) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.01.040183.003033 · Cited by 262
Idiotypic-anti-idiotypic regulation of antibody synthesis in rabbits.
Cazenave, P. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5122 · Cited by 218
Urbain, J., Wikler, M., Franssen, J.-D., & Collignon, C. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5126 · Cited by 209
Specific Inhibition of Plaque Formation to Phosphorylcholine by Antibody against Antibody
Cosenza, H., & Köhler, H. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.176.4038.1027 · Cited by 197
Dynamics of spin systems with randomly asymmetric bonds: Langevin dynamics and a spherical model
Crisanti, A., & Sompolinsky, H. (1987) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.36.4922 · Cited by 189
Immunization of mice against African trypanosomiasis using anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Sacks, D. L., Esser, K. M., & Sher, A. (1982) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.155.4.1108 · Cited by 188
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Ou, C., & Ou, C. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_15
Thomas‐Vaslin, V., & Pastor, D. (2026) · EPJ Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/epjconf/202636601008
Random-with-constraints: Constructing minimal models for high-dimensional biology
Nemenman, I. M., & Mehta, P. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2526777123 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Parisi, G.
- Affiliations
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Roma II, Tor Vergata, Italy.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 429-433
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC53277
- OpenAlex
- W1997967320
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Immune Systems Applications
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Applications
- Keywords
- immune network model, idiotypic network, immunoglobulins, immunological memory, memory capacity, spin glass models, artificial neural networks
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Immune System, Immunoglobulin Idiotypes, Immunologic Memory, Mathematics, Models, Biological, Models, Neurological, Neurons
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